vTA  vA M :  kA
( oiA e  AkTA ) A MB ȗ  oiA e Bn  : Bo
BjAo  Ƀ ȗ zA Ƀ M Tv   kA  ȗ wT k 
jB~  A A  Am   dA 햧A M jBA 햧A   d
.
mA A   A MB ȗ E  AUA G   kkdU ȗ ATiA : BeA
k cT w B . A  j]A BG ȗ MBA Bn  A RB  \v
. kA ȯB ol
: BE oiA B Ak
: pATA  KwBTA - 1
{    j B  h E B B  pAT  jBT BA G :  AlG
( AqA 郰  Bn BvA  ) : C ovU ȗ B] k   pA nkBM j] 
  jBTA BM ȗ n k BA E  (1)
. Be B A  pA  A AmM kA  pATA
A AmM kA  A u  pAUA  KwBUA  A AmM kA MB 
. WdLA d  ZnBi
....
: njB~A
------------
. 7  eoA - 1
: e e l  BG - 2
AkA tBwE A Amɷ   ɽoiA  pB\TA  dA dw A ɽ 
wBU ȗ tBwA    ȯBvA BA ȗ AoTeA K\ mA    BT]A
. BBM  RBT\A
: Tk  kT A Am RBLYG 
: RBA  dA  E
E  ApB] BvG oTh Bk  M G M Bv AlG Be ozL E cAA 
E ϧm   o  E KdM E A   o  dMoM E  BMBT ƽ
 oTvA  jBwE  oB] BdA |~i  kM RAohM E kLA
. TvA
dA ϦU JBTwA  njB oi̿A RAj]A  o j ke BvA - J
 ȒL : L  BBM ϧl  e B ~M BTB Y B  BBXA
. K\  K\  ȒL
e l   BLU RB\ BBA cTU  AkA  BAnjA T ϧl oL
.e
 UBB G ~ E jAnE AlG T\A E BjB \T G ~ TkA UB \M 
cB~ M pA E  ȒL   jAoE M RBL]AA  dA Ao E kM UjBw
.  T\A cB~  joA
. BvG  o  MBA A   jo  Ak] o oE A AmM AkA 
A eBvA G kT E    BvA eBvA |~i ȗ c~ A Am : 
 e E  RAj]A  { Ϧ    {  ȚdA ϧBA  A  
B Fv  ) A  ȗ A   o~U   B  pB\TA oLT Te
. (1) ( ... Fv   햽
 BAk~   M  kM oiA e  pB\TA M A  Am
k A d  Zoi Am ȗ  . e    ȗ   o~U E   AkME
. ( A Am KvdM ) AkME A  pB\TA n~U BG
....
: njB~A
------------
. 23 BLA - 1
: ǰBvTA - 3
. jB B  c]oU kM  ABvBM jAoA G o 
L A Am  RƪA  RB~hA  BdTwA BAo  nBU n~T Am 
.(  e e l  BG ) ȯBXA A G ]o A AmM kA  
vBM BA   BdTw ThA B{A BAo k  oiE nBU n~T 
k vBM A) FM B{ B B Am   ϧm k vBM 鮪A  B   k
. oTA  A Am G MBU (
BvT RB]nj ȅ ɫ u jBA Bɗ  M AqTA   A Am : 
M ǰBvTBM  BhTA BA pɽ  jBA ɃBA   vA  k\
. UA B BhTA
:  A BG ȗ MBA Bn - 4
 Th RBLBɗ  vA  dɃAA nA  RBhA jAkTwA ɗ RBTA
B  A 輖 E  kB  RAj]A    B Th BvA   AdA
B j]  ȅ A FM  oL B Am   鼪\A ȗ jAkTwA  MBA KwB
. UBMB  jAkTwA nAkM E j]A ȗ TLUn KwB
ȅU  ȅU ȴ   輗    oi    B A RAmA  ϧl 
.(1) (...BTvL Ak M ) hLU  
BA  h  LTv  oiA oA dT mA nAkBM G ȅU   
. j]A 
oɓ A ɗ E Uj   BA  A  j\A   A AmM A kɗ
ϧm o  S E ȗ  LvT E 鼅Tv ke E G   h E  tLd
. (2) ( ... {  Sw Ten  ) : CoA ȗ jn B 
....
: njB~A
------------
64. kBA - 1
. 7 : AoA - 2
: B{A d
 VkdTU TA RBA   BU  BdLw A G A vA  keE Kv 
ȴA kA  E ȷ  : oiE ]  hA 雰   FTA LU  A k
A BoLh   ?  E vA  JBTA  jBTA kM  vM A Bnk 
m E E ? BM A B~UA no G  kA  G 汧A 鼅Tv E  X kM
B  ? BM  nBzA  ikU kM Bnk E  Lw  B Bo  ~A
. oB{A BoE  kA BL We  A cLA  vdA Fv Ro
: oB{A BE
nk E A  dTv ȧBTBM   UAmA cLA  vdBM BA B~UA AoE k
B cLA  nBzA ve B  vdB ) ozA  Tv zM BdL  BA ve
 vdA  B 햽 E  k  ve  A 햽 B FM AqTA   ( nBzA dL
  A M oF 햮A  d~A M B E   d~A M k]U A M oF B   kA
B 햽 E   nBA A ijE  Te  k  A 햽 B  E jB E 
.   cL  B qT  kA 
: kA BE
 ȴ E oE BM U Aw  cLA E vdBM BvM ~TU BA FM AqTA k
jBTA d G   A cLA  vdA FM k~TA G ALl   E nBzA
    E o k] Aw ve kB\A AoB  B AnjG ȗ A 
.  E B k] Aw cL kAA
BE \ E BA UB  kTv BB  B B  Bd Aoi A B B 
 nBL]G  A nk kkdU ϧl  q E j  LB ȗ BL~  kA Aq Kve
E ȂTU    A nk~ E MFU \A  BA UB  M  kA 
.   Te  Unk    \v BE ZohU
.  A nk~ E dTv  jB A FM AnjG  A e  Am 
: A kA
 RAovTA keE  A dA jB~  BAk~ oLTU ȴA kA  E B o
dA j AoTwA BBFL Bv A dA  kA FM oiC ovU  
. RBk VY  ȮL    ȴA kA  j vM   A
. TA   nBTiA  nkA Ϧ BdLw A G : A
. ko B |~i 햽 M   nk B  햽  A G : BXA
 A jAn AkkdU u Am   BA UB  KwBT B G ko  A G : XBXA
   en    A UB  UB M B\v BdU M
. ....
 kBM A ~T ȧBTBM  dA  kA T  U A BE G : \TA
. A  cLA   WLA  A  qT   dA
: ȯBXA kA
. jB E SLX BU  A njB~ Ȗ  kT kA Am 
: BTA nA keE  E  A nk~ G
E  kA uM \A E  kA M \A E  A cLM \A : \A - 1
.  FM \A
 oA e  pB\TA G RBdA M ȗ kU zA G ]BdA : ]BdA  - 2
.j B{BM nBXTw 
 킧 BwnB   nA M  oTA Bd LB : 킧A  q\A - 3
.qAo  UA{ BE A  q\
E  BTA Ke E BA  A KLw  F : WLA E A E ȖzTA - 4
. WLA E  A
  Unk   B BU  BdLw A e ȗ n~T o dLA RB~A m 
nk~   vdA BwA  BdLw B A G T]Be k   nBTiA  Te
. BveA  eoA  EoA  kA  ohA G 
. jB  E G L  BU  BdLw A e ȗ RB~A m BdTwA  
: B   A Ȗ  A k  VkdTU oX RBC : WBXA kA
. (1) (  vE tBA   Bü{ tBA   A G )  1
(2) ( ... nl BX   A G )  2
. (3) ( Bü{ u U  BA  vA pAA 邯  )  3
. (4) ( jBL B ko A B  )  4
 o񮪧A  BzdA    MoA l BTG  BveA  kBM oF A G )  5
. (5) ( ... ȒLA
....
: njB~A
------------
44. : u - 1
. 40 : BvA  - 2
47. : BLA  - 3
. 21 : oB - 4
. 90 : dA  - 5
:  AkA  AlB
AkA  BA nBTiA AlB  pAn Bi e jB njB B A E cAA 
. vhA kA E keE B]  RB~A M j
: B nE k eM JA\A cT 
G RB k B]o U wAA BBM AkB  AkA ~ BhA A  - 1
.eoA  pAoA   dB
LUo woA  BLA XM G M  ȴA kA G kTv oiA BM BA - 2
.  ϧm kBM
jBTA oLTA We  kA   wA nk ȗ o mA jBdA hA - 3
 BqT B ke kBM kTA AlB   Km G BTA   k E kBM
AUA E kM  Bo{E B B BoE AlG   B{ B BA  kBM kTA AlG 
.kA E  jBA  LA  keTA E  B]
kA BeG no  qoTA G nB{G  kA E  F AkA nBTiA E - 4
 SB Am  jAkLTwA  A AE  dB no  BvA RBT\A ȗ
  Bv   (1) ( oB] Bw k k  jB\A E ) : ( | ) woA
ɟ   ƪA t ɗ tBdA kBhA RBA m Si ɟ  鼪\A
 mA wBvA nBzA MB RmiE ~A m   ȗ jBzA bn S
.  gnBTA o  h  BA BdA Mo
 vA t ȗ A ~A m dU  wA L  kkzA qoTA - 5
v ȗ ~A m vA e B  (2) (A iFM AhU )  (  )  jn B
wA qoU o~T    B ZnAk ȗ wE RBBv 酛 k  oLE zM
Am   KBA L BvA k~T Bo{ ~A m dU oLTA M kdA Am 
AkA o{ G ]BdA E wA o   BA  ȃBA  kBzA ȗ BG B\TeA
.  oLE vA  BwBve K~A B B kqU
....
: njB~A
------------
. 60 | 5 Z ȗBA - 1
. 129 | 61 Z nBdLA  - 2
BA cLA  vdA
: BA A
: YY B cLA  vd
 BA RBT  nBTiA Bݧ B  B횽   }A  BA BM jAo : A
iA 鼪] ϧm   u B A E M  cL  \A  ve A B
B aTB B헿A BX BA B헿A RBT XE mɗ . oA  B\zB BvA
.cL B aTA BA A AmM ve
 Bݧ B B횽   A  mA E  Bk  u A BM jAo : ȯBXA
. cL LzA  A  ve A  : BA ȗ B  BUBT
. pBz R~A Am   ] E ve oA Am : RBTA ȗ B 
 kA vd   nBTiA Bݧ B B횽   mA  bkA BM jAo : WBXA
. o  kA M hA d B mA  vA Am   A cL
: cLA  vdA oU
ȒL B E nk A   A k JAXA  bkA  B dTwA B : vdA
. 
ȒL B E nk A   A k JBA  mA  B dTwA B : cLA 
. oU
. cLA  vdBM e   ȦA AnjA Am 
: cLA  vdA BvE
BM kA B  cLA  vd  B A  kA X : BUAmA cLA  vdA  1
k k  A  k B bk E kM    AkME Bve G   k 
A k B T E E  BdL G k    BM A ϧm   vd ^B
.h d 雰 mA  vA Am   JBA dTwA  B l A
 mA k~A AoTeA X  cLA  vdA ȂT  B : BoA cLA vdA  2
Bm  TBG E WBY  BLLw nB AlG BE  B bk  Bve B v  Ȧi
. BA  UB\ BLLw B AlG G  A k m k~A odU   A k
A  E dTv B  k Aj B BdL o~ E dTv B kA hM Am
.  A A k  Bve
 ij  BE  ve A nk v  Ȧi  k~A AoTeA A B : lG
. cLA A  G kLT E  oiC A
   ) cLA E vdA A  LA AlG : cLA  vdA  KvT B  3
ȖzT   ve KjFT JoB ( ȯBXA ȗ B BTA       A ȗ B
. cLA E vdA A SdU iAj o vM JoA A   cL
: FvA o]
B  v  eA oB ȷ ϦU  BXke  Bk  ȯBvA oA Roe 
E  B k  BB B AnjG ȚM ϧl   BM C v   BMnBe  M BoF
? c]o   }A   A nBT d  Tz RpoM B   M BM T
E A B ]oA   jE zM ? c]oTA MA 邽  ? c]o mA 
鼪\A BUA 骗  AnjG  jke  A e oiE nBYG LTv Am  ?   }A
  AA BzTɟA  jBA A ɗ BA UBBɫG  kLA A nj e
?  nj  B  A jke ȷ B eBM T B A
TL] G    BdA  zA ȗ odT  LAj A oe  SMBY }B
}BM odTA jkdT   nAoTwBM nT ȯk  nB  A  oX RAoLi
? LTA   ? LT E K\ mA    uA E SMBXA
: B B k nBXU 
A cL  kA ve Te ? oT {  E E ? j]A ȗ TMBY Be B  
?
zM  BdA m nk E A 鼅Tv  TMBY Be B E o  
? eA  Tv
WdM  ^X BA aA RB~M TA kAA MAA nk E A BBM  
? B   BdTwA E kB A   J]M oLh̽ E 
jkd mA     [BM ueE S  ȗ }A pB\T E A 鼅Tv  
RA ]Ao A nBA d B o~T B k m ? [A Am Tv
.B\A Am ȗ RBA  kqA  
: oB{A  kA M
G Bo] ȗ ]oU TA  UAmA cLA vdA  ȗ oB{A  kA TiA
. }A  T  A jke
: A LE oMBU oB   B  oB{A E e 
ȗ TMBXA BdA nB Bv Am   UAmA cLA  vdBM BA B~UA AoE 
. j]A
B  ozTA nA ȗ   A 햽 B  TA nA ȗ vdA FM AkTA 
. A M oF
  ve  햧BM oF A E     nBzA oE  UFU cLA  vdA  
. BdL B AlG 
   ve RnB BhBM oE   u E BBM nBzA E   q  
. BdL nB kA  
ȗ kvA  kdA KmU E \A A BijBM kM BA A  q  
 Bve hA B k iE   vdA 햽 E  ve A 햽 B   nA
.  AoL A ϧl  BU  BdL KUnA E
. BE  A RB o E   nBzA BM kM 
: B nFM AqTA k  vA  qTA  zA   : kA BE
. BM nBzA e  oA 酛  A k UAl  Bݧ 
M  AozA  ȗ A M oT{A oE Am   BdL  BA ve A nk 
. BE AozA o  A njE
 z ȴA ϧm  M d~A   ve  z zM nBzA oE 
.  ȗ kvA  dL
. ( kBM) ϧm Aw   A nk BTA   A  kA J]M Ae 
 d E B  A oF ȯBvA A E Ȯ  A  kA J]M e 
   nk~M 酚ɗ A RB~A ɫ Bɫ ɗ B\vA nk A E Ȯ M 
.  BdTwBM d A RBA  B  KwBU k zT
ȗ noA nA M E BE  A RB  ] Tv nk E 鼅Tv A 
. kA
We  }A  MB ȗ k]  A nj Ajke k oB{A E BdA B AlG
M \A kA T BM A E j  RBAoA  RBA oAM kLT AB
pA  BoB  CoA oAA o  AoA TU B A oAA |~A
. WkdA UF w mA oL\BM jBTA A Am
 UoAj  A jke ȗ ATiA  Aq Anj A BG  AUA G  kA BE
mA 轱TBM RjB qTB BvA BɗE Fv ɗ ɗoA o  v B Am 
w 轱TA E B jkdM  }A jkd }A  Te A oAj G LTv
. Unk  A oAk AkkdU qTwA  Te ]nj ~E G   BvA jAnG oAj 
.轱TA oL\A JBM ȗ ϧl ~U UFw B
 A M BTA Be AoTA LTvU TA  oA M oA o G ALl zA
 BM  nBTiA Bvߧ d BA AnBTiA [T oA M oA E B }A
. ϧl  ~U UFw .Unk  A oAj  B]oi  TB  A Bn
: oBA RBB\UA
 A BG   BBi BAkMG zA m ] ApG oBA AA ȗ u 
kk] nBE BE LA B n~T k  kk] JwFM Beo  kA RBB\UA nM
: RBB\UA m E  
B\UA Am   kB]  dw zM  }A oB k BM : A k\U  1
jAnG A k ϧmM   o{A h  jAkTA   cɃA  B Ȗw
. oA j\A AmM BE BvA  A   ( BA ȗ oL\A ) ȮLTM BvA
 tBwA  A ] k  A  jBTA ȗ oE vA Am : A G  2
  } BwG Am    G jƽ B Kve }BM  o~U   MBU }A 
.  FU
   BE BA BjE kƽ   nme zM ȧqTA oBM jB B\UA Am 
}A oAj  A nBwE G ȗ B țoA  kTA o FM n~U  JoBM oLA
. j\A  hTA   Am FM n~T
: eA  A M BTA  3
E B  AA  BdA BzTA  A o ȗ B Anj  E AoLTA We
   TA BA ȗ BvA nB  mA  AoiC Anj  }A  e
. KBM v B Am  BoA ko E A   BBU L E
nk B  ^Tv BdA  oX AnjA  nkA  ^nBU A E oiA nBLM
..Am B bk ve kA E nk ϧm q\A  A A
 AnjA ȗ B Bj] E nk BA dA ϦU  AnjA   oiA
j] E nk  BM d E 񪽿 Unk SB B A  A RAmA
 UB w UAmM oTA B ȴA }A nj \A ȗ BUB A RAmA
.BUB UAmM oA
X BkkdU ȗ kBA }hzU   k A Th BeE ozA ȗ k] XBY
`mîe A nk  ϧl o JqA ȯAq w B JoA  ȗ RBn VY
]q aA  vTA BA e   njB SAjB BM av̽ E KA A pBA
M A nAkA v kkdTA ȗ  RAkkdTA  BA A nk k  .Bo ȗ
MnkA 햽 B vTA BA  A BLUA 轰oU ]A  B kkdTA
.y\A ȗ
. ^Tv AnjA    B BM - nAjA ]  - }A E ϧ cT AmM
 }A jBE B k B M nB A A k\  }A M B e BM kM 
B AlA   A k B jB~ B  nk~  \oL A Bi  njB }A 
.Bd ȗ nm oiE o  `mîe BTB ]q aA  nk~A  o }A

: UAmA cLA  vdA nBG  
? J]A Am UE E     vA  k K]A oE wn  A B G
: FM JA\A ȗ qT E BB
 oE ϧmM RF    Te B\UBM k ve A nk oE BA J]
G k{oU oAE ȷ wn aA BBM ozA oAE T ozA
.d vwFU oAA Sv A B vdM A e
A B J]M oFU TA ozA oAA G BBE u  ϧmM qT  E BG 
oA Am G A    (1) ( . . . woA AɄE  A AɄE  ) :  X
Am  AvBM G T Akk] AoE B AlB BXTA ɗ KLvA  Fv  kk\A
BBE u nmdA Am  }hT   ( vvTA nmd   ) B  B G Ȃ
AnjBM Tv mA A e G Bk{oU jB{nG oAE ozA oAA m E : L G
. A o{ ve  A B ve
 o{ E RBLYG dTv A cLA  vdA AnjG ȗ A  jBTA kM 
. BTB J]   ozA m oAE G ~  E ozA SLXU  B 
BnBG   G   BULY  T Bo{ cLA  vdA RLY G : \TA
. BM k~TA  kM  M E
....
: njB~A
------------
92. : kBA - 1
: nBA JBLwE
E kM  ovA wAnkA m  A  A Am RBi jkd E B K~
: JBLwA M G oz
RBLzA oɄ KLvM o񮪧A Ʒ k A A : dTvA LzA j] - 1
 oX ȮLU A nBA Am o] A cLTA vdTA nBG A Kl k
Fv ȗ e ] o  A  dA  jB~A ÄBhA nBA BA
ɗ nL\ BvA A BɗA ɗ oL\A oM AqTA : B  A cLA vdA
B  cLA M oE nBzA  } B vdA kA BM A A o] Am BE
.Bd ȗ BoTw BTo TA kwBA  ϧl o A   nBzA 
MnBd ȗ A) j  oL\A nmM np ȗ Aw αA  BdA nj v   2
E  TA LvA BadA A A tBA  ȗ oYU TA BA nBA
o kM jBT]A JBM kw ȗ nj ϧm  ( tBA nX ^BLLw B ^B U
. Al E KmA Am
MnBd  BnAoTwA ϧm   gnBTA o  zA h BwBw vA MnBd  3
qoTA  A  jBTA An BB AmA B BB\UA Am  ȮvA ȧqTA hA
 ȪA kTA ȗ  nBjpA n~ ȗ  A ]o BG   AkMG  UBBG 
. wA nBdA 
 Lw  TA jnAA ȗ Te  A  jBTA ȗ qTA AoG  k  4
Ao vE vA E k  jn i k  A cB~ }A AFT ( KB ) BG
  WkdA  vA FM Ao Te  vA oA  Aqn  A  jBTA ȗ
.  KTA  qTA BwG ȗ BdA nj e
\T X   E A nj  qoTA ɗ oTA  AoɗA Am E e  5
G ) :  e ȗ ( | ) LA B mA   (  ) SLA E i  A jBTM L
We (1) ( o B hU   B\ BLn  b w X  TM E X
nj M AoA BTA  BTA  LA To Aeo E (  ) SLA E BTwA
. jBA  BA  A   BM nBU E Ȗ   }A  eA nj  A
....
: njB~A
------------
. 7 JBLA 118 An 155 | 23 Z nBdLA  - 1
: FvA nBG [BT
 A KB E p\  Bve ϧmM o~   cLA 햽 E   A G  1
\A kdA  kBA ik E  M  \A ik   k h E 
. dA k AzA A   Am  ? nBA ȗ jhBM kU E 
KB Y dTvBM  M  BA  oXFM   nkA oM BvA  E p\  2
.  A  Bve ϧl nB  AlG   BhA 
B Fv  )   d~A E k~A E  dA  A BɗE hU E   3
Te    B Fv  A E  JB k   (1) ( . . . Fv   햽
 AFM odT  hA  o hM  d G  d~ G 햽  
A ϧl  A BU JBvdA  AvA e ȗ pB] Am  BiE  \M UA{
. AoL
JlBA c  A E  ɗ  UAmA cLA  vdA B nkU  AlG  4
    RBwoA  RALA tBwE kw ȧBTBM   q\M BUA  nkA
BwG AmM   BMm LA k k  q\A o\U k  BLA  jBTA
BLA k~U J] ȗ }A  ozA ȗ jn B i Am   v }A  oz
. M AkTA   miA J]  M (  )
....
: njB~A
------------
23. : BLA  - 1
: cU }hU
cL  B oU ve  B M k Rov  _jB BU A A A kA SLl
cL  B ve  B }hzU  njB ȯBvA A A jA B T\e  
vd nk   cL  B cLU ve  B vdU  njB A B ȧBTBM
.BdL B{A
M BoA k kA oT   BB k A A tnB A A dM   
.
 ȒLA o񮪧A BzdA   MoA l BTA BveA kBM oB A A 
. (1)  omU 
ve   k~A A M  cL JmA   A  JmA nk c~  ϧmM
B] B  k BU  ve k~A  幽keA wkA UAm p
.ve
-: ()jB~A BA B
. (2) (  ϫ B A A KvU  F kA BA )
BdL B{A ve o  q]B A A A ALl o{A vdA MA BLUA A A
 jBL BBM LUo B A  K\  B K\ B kkdU  BA q]B  ȧBTBM
nBzA dL B cLA A   nBM Bi BA |~i ȗ ϧl kkdU h E
. nBzA ve B vdA
. (3)  Fv̽  햽 B Fv̽   : BU 
Am oU  K\ E  Am  A  K\ B  j~A  Ʒ  k
vd  q cL ɗ k A A B T A - :  k~ B aBɗ
. ] A ve  B Kv  BU  cL  B  ϧl A njA k
 B\A Am ȗ nj wnB  A k\U  Ʒ o\  njE 
.oA BBXTA  BUjBL A o ȗ BT\e
- : (|) A wn B
. (4) ( A A M jBLA M B \dA LA jBLA  A \e)
p A   BdL B{A vd A o BdTwA ȗ o{A  B L 
kA  ɯBɗ \A üvA ijA nBA vdA ijA A A A -:  ɛ
-: BU A   JA~A
. (Fv̽  햽 B Fv̽ )
 ȗ JAY E JAm  BLA M oLiE BM jBLA k Y  ϧl kM LU 
B }hzU E JmB cL  B }hzU  ^AnjB ozLA A   A JBvdA
!?k~B ve 
.!?BU A AkM BA o{A  L B\ L 
....
: njB~A
--------
. 89 : dA - 1
. 442 | : 1 Z : ȗBA A - 2
. 23  : BLA - 3
. 25 | : 1 Z : ȗBA - 4
: A oe
A Aj B  oiC BU   M   AoBe BE BvA  BB   kM Aw
oA  A UE E  ? nozA m SUE E   e  k  Aoi  An 
ɗ lA k]E   ? ɗA ɗ vA i  ? A  JAmA  A  oA 
 AoLA  pqA i  ? BvA kM ȗ TU YAo\A ]   ? JoA
? UBe okU  BvA lU B  vA
 AoLA  BT oXE  nBA xeA  to{E o~ BvA ȗ A i 
? pqA  vA
] Am  jwE oiA  ME Am  tA oXU  A odU SAp B oiE  
ϧl o  B E oB E oo Am  o E kM E cL o   Ȯ E oL E
AlG   Bw  BlE B] tBA   AlB  ȴTU  TA RBd]oTA AE 
A A   AlB  BdL \A    BME jwA   AlB ϧl  
? A  Am uE ? BG ]BdM    . . .  A  nkA 
BBvU  Al oU  Am E AlB B ﱦM  BvA  BodA Aj B
? dA  k Bi Am uE ? BdLw A BE
: A B  A
oLw  Aɛ BzTA An W ozLA A Ap B mA  AoA ȯA BA Am
k]  BA Am  AkMG  A nk    q] M kz mA   nAE
MAn E BM u  B{A i A E M ? BA i Y hA  A i  ?
Am    Be oiC  BMBw Bü{ oLTA   oiC   Bü{ oLTA Y  UAl A
ɗ BdA  Bɟ  [BTA  RBkA SU  BA Fz nBLTA Am  KUoTA
  Bwo E Aop oiA  Bvn tBA keE cL~ We Bvߧ BT]A dA
 BvA L oYFTU E j B oXE E B E jo B jo AkLTwA BBM 
? keA hM UAmA BMAn  B{A i A E E RAnBLTA mM TB
 M  kLTA  oT MB nBLTA  Sv TvA  MnA  vi jkA 
 ]qA  YA jkA M A ϧm   nBLTA E  kM UAl  ~i jk
ϧm  YA RBUAl  ]qA M YA jkA h oB hM ]qA hU 
KUAo  LUn  M Bi UAl  jk E h  M  keAA RBUAl  joA
hM h  A B E B Am   nBYC  BeE  k]U LUn  ȗ   j]A
RAj]A m  qT  jBTv BA Am G M  RAj]A h oB  Th
UB~i  oLU TA ~hzA TBM BvG  X  BM TA dA MAoA 
BE  j]M Rk] RB~hA m  kA kkdU E j gnBU E j B 
BE BvE Bk] ~hzA TBM ȗ wA E n E Bo  Am j] kM  Rk]
 Bv]A M A wAnj  BkTwA ȯA MlB\A B ϧm   oiC BvG
 oLTU nA MlB\  BA j]M Rk] tkinE Aj   BvA Ao]A
. nݧ UAmA }B~hA
  keA i  M  BA  RAj]A Bk A Bi Bü{ k]  : \TA
( o~LBM c keA G BoE B  ) E  B BM B{A  鼪] Rk] keA oFM
. (1)
z RAj]A d B j] E n~T LA ] A m b k 
Bj]   RAj]A B E  JB   A UjAnG  A nk AkkdU
 dA E LU ϧm   BE LzA m ]  Am  B BdLw A BE mA
 jBTvU BE d~A  dA    k  A   Be Sv d~A
 BUBB G \TU E 鼅TvU WdM h RAj]A 鼪] E BB We  A i
. j]A BUB
....
: njB~A
------------
. 50 : oA -  1
: AA  A
vA  AA  vv d RAj]A 鼪]  M A oA E A 
 { T  B BMwE A nAj mhUA k BdLw A G oiC oLTM   TMBXA
L  A vA  AA    SMBXA JwA Am ZnBi A VjAe
  ɗ ? X BA E kLT MBɛ BT]A RAkTA  ozLA AA
? 햪A nBw \  E BA Am h  E BdLw
VjAdA  { o\ E   We A nk kkdU vA  AA j]  
k]  BA E  A B e A  cUA ?  E AA m nBG ZnBi
]nBi j]  u BA ϧm  RBhA  RAj]A  ~ zM
ȗ B }dT  tnk Be ozLA A  . RAj]A G B]nBi Bk u Tv
Bk  X jBA Bkɗ  B BB qT BM Bɗ RBɛA  B{E  ZnBhA
B qT nAodA  jBA Bwnj AlBɗ . . .  BMo  nB  ϧm BA njB~
wAnj  ȯA JlB\TA B qT ϧm   nAodBM jkT k  E  BB
{  E nBLTBM   BTwAnj  gnBTA  T\A w ϧm  \A  KAA
E X joL    oiE B  dU E   ~i  ZnBhA ȗ
. kLTA LU  A Bi A E   Am   nBe Bv]A \U
  ]nBhA B{A e  qT  BG   BnBLTA AoE u BA E : \TA
.kLTA  oT MB o  Am
 qT  jBTv B  Unk  A jAnG  Be AA U  Am  
. Unk  UjAnG  Te  A  oB  o ȷ M  AkMG  A i
: TiA  RBTA AlB
 oTU  TA AA  A  vw G h A Am E bM nk LA
SkLU E RoU AlG   BUBk 鼪] oU kM G VkdU  oB E E ϧl  
ȗ  BL\ X AMB  \TA ϦU u  ~d  RBkA m keG
AlG    AoX BMBzT  AlG BL\U Ȃ    kM oiC     o
kBA  Am MBzTA k Ak] v\A  vA  qA RBkA M oTM FU
RBYnA  AmA  vA  BA  BqA oYE wnk BA Ap B   BBU
. UB   \A u] kkdU  vA
 ȯE B~h  B AovU B k\   RBdA M ȗ BBi KAkU o o
 ȧ Aoi B en B  L B  ] n SEn  ( | ) LA o~ ȗ S
? gnBTA ȗ BA ke BMA E  BiE E  BMA E  AlB M  BqA Am ȗ Uj
keA JA] G k u  wA  vw BE v k\ ϧmM BvA EkL Bk 
! . . . njE    FTA  ovdBM 
B BvA jɗ  BpA  B\BT G ST   ABM v BE Bɗ oA 
T  oiC B~h{ S\T B { E oU  jkT o{  B  BqM LUo
E ϧmM jkdT   Am  BAkA  AkA j]A ȗ ȮLv E  kM X kE
 Zoh E dTv M  o o~   ( | ) LA o~ ȗ dTv j]
Am   oiE B  Ajo E E   ϧm  UiG o  o kA o
YjBe  ȗ Am   BhM E Apo  oX E T  yzA nq M L{E A
pn ϧm  Bj] Ao{ BTwA k BT ȗ G U E   VjAdA 
  ThU  TA A v Bi ϧl    Aoe o  o o~A vA
. hTU
G k]U  RBhA  VjAdA  E Ȯ ȯA BA j] G : ϧl  }hT
 YjBdA E BB  RBkA m keG oTU Bk   BUBk  BAo{ BTwA kM
. RBkA ϦT B]BT U oiE YjBe U E U
h  RBk Ti SMBY  L oE RAj]A ȗ RBTA E ϧl Ȯ 
. oiA A ozA M  BA  BqA eM ϧl   o 
: AodA JBLwE
RBd]oTA  KB~A  BLA AE o \T BvA AodA JBLwE ȗ BFU 
: BBk]
: jkdA oA
  Td~ G oB E  o   BBeE TüM  UBe d BvA o kTU 
Bv ɗn B Td~  nBU AlG    oLTA ɗ nq B ɗ oA q
. tBA \ oA kB b   M  o{  MBE B omTA  zA
: A oA
ϧl ȗ kA AjB  L{  nBLA  lA An G   BAj Büw AoE u BLA kU
d TB E k o E j kA G BvA o d  zTv E wnk BM
鼪]  nA G oA  n~  BvA \ G ϧl B   Bd  o{ FM
. BLA]
ϧm   T  o  BzA ]o Aj B oA AkA Jo{  BvA AT  Am
. Td  UB\ ϧl ȗ B AlG A  酚 bAo\A L G v v
AqqA  o    RBdA MAoT vw zM o\U BA ȗ VjAdA 鼪\
nAodB  e oT Tn SvUA    dA  Aq] G o   nBkA G
BE A ]o BG M   AoLA  pqA G jU  nA BM ȗ kkzA
SLLw TA nA nAoe E M  o\dA dA ϧm  A MB U ȗ
. BA njB~M BvA kqU ȷ   kB B B pqA  AoLA
 BE G  BB  A LA  ozA  FM keE z  mA BA  Te 
]M T BUBB G  JzA jAnG LT o  T\A u G ]AoA MBLwE
. dA  kA j dU  AE  A
 BU  UBq] i  A Am  馅  VjAdA 鼪] ȗ Am 
 ȗ T AqeA  A ȗ  BzA  ozA ȗ o o~d  jkd  oM
o\   ve  M BUG  MAoTM j]A o o vUA  BE   q]
d ȗ {  邽 E 鼅Tv BUBB Te BUBAkM  BoiC G BE  VjAdA
RBL G nozA ȗ o    BA  ohBM 輖U oi An n o Bk  
BB i kM i v BM Tv  n~  ] A G BvA kU
. L Ek  v êT Bi  Mn G oA
: c]oTA u  TiA G
. (1) (o~LBM c keA G BoE B  * nkM Bi {  BG ) : BU A B
. (2) ( dU A v k\U    kLU A v k\U  ) : B 
 oAA ɟ G A Bɛ  BA Bow G A A ɫ A 酚A oz
B  BXA A oLU BM  { A B  mz   VjAdA  RBhA
 ȴ vA m RBLY kU   A w FM RBLLvA  JBLwA A  A
  Bo{  BUBk ȗ YBT oA k Bk B AlB  hTU   ThU
  [BTA u  ~d  BUBk M ȗ STiA AlG BE  YBT [BT G Bk
M ȗ LTA   BnU  A kT tBwA oLT AA ȗ kA m j]
ë kM   X vhA E vA kM ALT E BA BTwA We  RBdA
. B
M  hA  ȗ  j]  c]oTA E U B e kA m  [TTv
B{A M oTA  Te ȗ c]oTA   RBTA  TiA  j]A
ȗ YBT RBMB] UBT RB]nj tnk ȅ F  keA o{  ȗ BvTA
 keA nB B Bo Bk oiE jkTU  kkdA  텛 }TU F E  d~A
BA n  KwBT   A  \A LTv c]oTA Am   keA o ȗ
. Tj 
  ȗ Bo{ Bk B   BvT o B{E M oTA  TiA BE
ȗ    BTh B  K~  E LA  B  ~e ȗ TiA
. B~A  kA   B c]oTB  cMoA ȗ BBvU E A M  ϧl
Am E ȷ oiE e G oz  ( o~LA c keA G BoE B  ) : BU  BE
B  ke   Aq]E G Bo AlG cA zM  鼅Tv  cvA A
 UAj]  A i  ~ hM h  A ȗ BA E  BMBw Bol
E hA  { k]  B d ȗ ϧm   RAj]A G Bk u 
 o  ϧmM BTh nB WdM TiA  kk] i G E Y A VkdA
 hA Am E oA B ( . . . keA G BoE B  ) keA oE  keA i  M
   ) Bi }B~i  RBA  RjkdT . .  BA  BqA UBk
c]o Boɓ G LvBM BBv AlG RBAA m  ( . . .   Bl  o
G LvBM lA E B  oiC }h{  c]o E oiC }h{  BLeB
ȗ B j]  ϧl  RBd]oTB  oiC }h{  Bl E E E  }h{
. AkME B A  Lv nBLTA RB ȷ M  hA 
....
: njB~A
------------
. 50  49 : oA  - 1
. 43 : oB  - 2
: RBd]oTA i
: BTA BBM RBd]oTA  JA\A }h E 鼅Tv
E E ϧl    oTU  TA UAmA AA  A  vvM nAk A  1
B oL AA m  BkLU   BoU    LUn  |Bi 雱 B oB
( dU A v k\U   kLU A v k\U  )  ȗ A w BFM oA CoA
. (1)
 j] UBT RB]nj  Th KUAo k]U E ȯA BA j]  q  2
n Fz  Am   ϧm |Bi 雱  Bi RBA   }B~i j] 
. RBTiA
( o~LBM c keA G BoE B   nkM Bi {  BG ) : oA CoA 
.  (2)
Am  nBLTA LvA nA  B BG   ɛh Bv TiA  RBTA  3
E A FhA    kBi  o~E SA uM  kp  E  G B E c~
. M  UBh M c]n k BhA
 ϧm u TiA BE  dA  Ak B nBLTA  mA  c]oTA  4
. c]oTA u  TiA  A ȗ j]A 
....
: njB~A
------------
. 43 : oB - 1
. 50  49 : oA - 2
: LvA 
: XA m ȗ FT
 BT oLA Am E Bk]    oE  j]A ȗ  oLE BnB   1
. oA Am BE RAoA
BodT SA u ȗ   LB\M u\  BE BBw oLT nBw ɗ uB\A  2
. nBzA    G LvBM
mA  jkd E B K~ ozLA B pT   nA oA ȗ BFU   3
ɗ A ]  u\ E B   M SdU u\ mA  E ɗ u\
? ϧl ~d
A jB   K oTTw E oTA jB   oTTw ë keAA oTA jB  4
. Ao  E
.   ]p    j] BvG  5
A B   Be    TMBY Bvߧ j]A  E oiA BXA ȗ e
BvG k] Aw A  e  B~UA Am Am jB e oTA ϧm   ]nBi
  Țe  A oE    ZqT FM }hzA Am B~UE    E ϧl nk
  zBM BvA ~T E   Am  oi Be  E oi }h{  oT
. j] o  Aj] BvA  E dTv 
 odA  SdTA  A  oA  oLA RB~ɗ  A XA G LvBM BE
oLA  e M  BM Bi A    Bv ȗ Tv e ϦU   vA
 oE  oA  oLE nB  { E  oLE jkd  B Bü{ MBA  
MB  G LvBM BTdU  nA oA  u\ mA BvA u  uzA
. B
  jkA  \dA  pA  j]B A e ϦTU RB G RB~A vU lG
RB~A m [TTv  qT mA  mA M Bv ȗ A e ϦU  RB
  o~A  oLB  LvA BA  RB~A m U Am pAA  nBA oL
. nBvA  A   vA  odA
E k\ \A ȗ BFU AlG   oA  hTA  oA  \A L  : A vA
 A B B  \A ~M TT E     BvG B\A   A k
o  RBA m  jAjq Te T  T E BvA |od Am  u Țe
. }A  \A v 
kTA   BA k oA   ek  vM BvA B ~d oY A ϧm 
hTA T\A   kTA  nBdA JBLwFM miF T\  BM ~T nBe 
  hTA RB Ϧ E ApB\ B   nBdA  kB T\  Te ȗ
vA TT Bɟ oBM TT mA E  d~A ɫ oe mA  oA ϧmɟ
. Td~M
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 B B   Am  kTA k   d~A k   A k   A k ozB
. ȫk ozA E
Lɛ  E woTA xeA  RAozdA  BvA eAqA Lɛ  : ȯBXA vA
. AoLA  pqA  vA
 Bv ȪdU E TvU  B \  Bj q]FM q\ RAozdA  eAqB
BG LvBM BBv AlG BwA  q]A m  BB  Bi B G ~U E 
RBhA  BvA oɓ E BvA Aw Boɓ G BBvɛ AlG BE  B U
KLvU E ozA  BE  Am A  lA E oA E RA  KLvU BE Bk]
lA  oA  RA KLv  ɯ  Bɫ BvɯA BɃ oA Bɛj   ozA
\A m  BvB  jB\A  AdA  RBLA  e   M  Bvߧ
v  Ȧi    j] B G   BvA G LvBM o{ o   o o{
. Aoi B
ȗ AA nBYC  oYE  oLU B oi BvM ȴ AoLA  vA ȗ A Am 
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Am   Bvߧ A  lA  RA RBe BM ȗ KLw E   A  A
. Țe o Lv oE ozA E  B B  
kA G jƽ oɫE BɫE   hTA  oA  \Bɟ ɫk oɫE BɫG ozA : \TA
. Țe A j]  u B  YAo\A  eAqB E AoLA  pqB
: ozA e
   Ao  } kB  T~ Tɗ ZnBhA ɗ z  kA  j]A G
odA  햧A B  LA B E oA B  j]A ȗ BBi B훱 X E 
B{A  Bk~ kA  j]B  TiA  eAqTA   jBTA  BTA  
M ( A ) wA Bü{ Ϧ BBvG k~  A  VkdT B k  A ȗ wTM
Boe [BT   kTA  ɛoA k  hTA ϧm   o~LA  AkɛBɗ BBvG
noz   AlG   hTA nBYC B  ȯkA  țiA kTA  T\A
 Bi  k] G ZBTdU  ( Lv E k nE BE B ) Țe  Tv j]
ɗ Bɫ L   oz G G ZBTd  ȧBTBM   Bi G ZBTd mA  hA
. dA  LdA  ohBM  j]A
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B  BoM ~TU Bk ozA KLvU ] B Rk] G  oi ȷ ȦA Bj]
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酛 E ohA cMl G ]BdM y Te BvB  oYFTU  oYU  햮U  U
v  Ak  A JBLwFM miF E  dB~ Ȫd Te   RBUBLA  nB\{A
酚 Te   ϧl Lw ȗ 񦪽 j E mL E kM Toe ]oTv Te  jBL 
. . . UBLn  AE  KT  UAl  v pB\T E kM BU A{E  { E
. BzA AE  LA AE p Am  
YAo\A  RAozdA ȗ E AoLA  pqA ȗ B ozA E n~T BvA E L 
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BLvB . Uov Bh E A BTwA E G B KTA   B  BMBLwE
BToM T |BE  A SdLE LoU  BvA Be jkU SB TA BA 
B{A m ȗ BB   ozA E  k BB j G Am BTw  Bd  M
i mA A  ov \U TA JBLwBM ] ȗ  hU  ] ȗ B M
AE ɟ Bɗ kɛ BvA  nk~ Ap B mA ozA E ϧl kɟƽ mA   ]
A k  BhA ݫ mA   AlE  ý BA Ap B   B  wAo{ nozA
:  We
 A mA M m tBA kE SLv BM odLA  oLA ȗ jBvA oɈ 
(1)  ]o
....
: njB~A
------------
. 41 : oA - 1
: Lv E Țe nozA cL
( A k ) \B kA nA L  B B BAE TiBM nozA cL Th
RB ȴ  hTA  ( A k ) oA 
RBT\A  B ȯBU nBA BnBYC  e hTA ~  ( Lv o ) e
. hTA
~TU B j] nE ȴ Bo  BvA eAqA  vA L  B B BE 
v Lv  B ozA FM {  m  Bo ȗ ozA VAke Fz B ozBM
 Bvߧ lA  RA KLv FM z keE   ZnBhA ȗ j] o  X dA
M TvU  Bv  M AkU B  E E o{  lE d dA w   
kvU E FU  M WLU RBLA G LvBM o{ ȴ BzA ϧm  ? BTvo  B
Sv AlG B{A  M  Bv G E KmA E BvA G LvBM Ao{ Sv B 
ϧm o{ v JoA E  o{ v KmA E k keE    Aoi SB Bv G
   o{ o G LvBM {  E 񪪧A   Bv d B Bv B 
G LvBM j] BE  v ȗ { E j]  AA  ȚdA j]A E {
B ȗ |Bi B  u E  Be   BA u  nBLTA  Lv oE  o
BkeE j] cU   Uo RBhA k]U  oiE nBLM   AA  j]A
i  Wkd   Am   Bo G BBM j] oiA  Bv ȗ j]
. nBLTA  Lv nE E k nE BG nozA E b kM jB\G  ozA
 VkdT Te Bv ȗ A RAj] ϦU  nozA G : Bol B }hT 
AA RAj]A pA  oLTU Lv nBLTA nE nozA G M  BjB\G  Bi
. dA
: RBd]oTA  nozA  
LBA RB]Be Lz   MmA j BkFM cv   oA C o E BE 
    JAm   o    B{   tM    BdA ȯBE 鼪] d  
B miF   BA Bd B~A  kA  tBA J oU LdA M  jBv 
. . .  o B oT  Kd
AjB]  BA  E  ]E   BA v   BvA oM bov E ]
AkA  B\z   F  (  ) Ȧ B\zM  tBA E oT  ϧm
n Km cL k]    BA nkd   Bj U  BL] U    
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oM oz  ohA    BA  B汧A mM ud  AoA E kM   odTA
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  A G w  BvA BU kA  BdA  B nozA     woA
. AoL A ϧl  A BU BXL i B ȧBTBM
AoE B BG   Lw   M  Bi Bv ozA  AqA ) : \ vA 
nl G 汧A   AqA kL  ( BTA  oh Bw z  BA
  B  ]Ao o ȗ AoL{ 酚  UA{ pB\T E 鼅Tv     BA
mA BA B ZohU E JhA  dA  kAkzA wnk SBTwA  BEn
E B ZnAk ȗ A   RAkBhA RBA nE gnBTA L]  Aow
Bp B   Bqn  BvA k UBi kT woA  LA çE RB]nkA
 B  ǰBvA JBhA UF  ( SlE B XM L lE B ) :    v
. (1)  Aov ovA  G * Aov ovA
[  nBA ȗ A [  BE BE ȗ Lh  M  ovA  kzA  ovB
(2)  . . . A ȗ nBA
: B B ȗ RBd]oTA  nozA nj }h E 鼅Tv 
. A ȗ B\A \ U  M  B\A nBG  1
M tBveA   dLA B{A  B  BB KvTU \A B{A  2
. BM nBA  cLA j]M  B\A
KB~A  kAkzA BE Ȗ  \A B{A j] k KB~A  nozA  3
 A JwE  Am  jBvA BE ȗ KB~A U B BoA  jBvA U
.(3)  ... dA  SA Zoh  SA  dA Zoh
....
: njB~A
------------
. 6  5 : bAozA  - 1
. 61 : [dA - 2
. 31 : u - 3
: nozA  BLA kA
: B oT w oX kA B
odU   B A kU ȴ  A U   joA MoU kAkzA  KB~A  1
BvA odU vɗBA AE  Ao~A JodA E SMBXA    RAjAnA  AqA
ȗ k]U [BTA E Ȯ  Am   BTA  nT MBvTA  BkA Bw VAkdTw
 ZohA  BTA nE  꼴U  BvA qdU BE Ȯ M  KB~A KB~A
. vA
   oTA AE   RAzA ȗ AoTwA Be BvA LU BLA  KB~A  2
 RAoXA  }  vBM o C BmiE k  ) B o G ]o omT
(1)  ( om
JmA  BA SB AlG   dA G BvA j KLw BLA  KB~A   3
w oi LA B  k{n  B M  BvA U TA JBLwA oLE 
]o  dA o G j E v B~  T [BT  BA BvA B
M m tBA kE SLv BM odLA  oLA ȗ jBvA oɈ ) TvA oA G
. (2) ( ]o  A mA
 Bn Bk keA MBUn  BdA BM B : BokU  A o KLw BLA  4
BA    oA kM G d~A    KTA kM G eAoA o  BvB  BUm
oXA A BvA nk    AoA E kM G B汧A m    LA q kM G
. ( B~dU  A  AkU G  ) BnB E kM G BM  TA
G K ȗ Ak]    LA B B  LA  KdA ȗ B BdA ow G  5
B   dTvA oU   RBBM EqU B   zA  o{E  BE 
oLT ww ȗ   kwA Ap B  kwA  AnB Sv wvA ) : LA B
. ( wvA B~ Te AoE
TdU   ȮU oiA  ozU BkeE : \BoM BvA bn MoT A kE  6
 RAjBLA o ozTA ZBA Ȗ  \BoLA  ȗ B BB RBM~A  kAkzA
. BvA v o  tEn  KB~A  KB~A ] ȮTA ZBA ȗ 
LA Aj B  A  UF BM boA   BBM BɃoA Ȫ E LA kA   7
LTv  ƪB  T]nj  TB n ȗ Bv Tɗn  BvA B ɗ Bv
. ϧm  k  oT M Kvd vTA  BoBM
....
: njB~A
------------
. 130 : AoA - 1
. 41 : oA  - 2
: nozA n  
 eAqB Bk qTvU RAj] BG  hTA  oA  \B ȫk oE BE ozA
ovɗ  B{G M ɗn  A A  ozA  . AoLA  pqA  JnBA
  oA o nA ȗ JoA  bkA nAoTwA   \A o A JBvT ȧBA
. hTA o nBdA kTA JBLwFM miA
 ϧm n 񪼗 }A E k Fz  Ao{ oLT mA  ȯBXA A  ozA BE
Ank~ SB TA nBA RBAdB  ϧl ȗ RAq\A d E BvA BTwA M
. Ao RBE ȗ BvA B ZoT |BE  SdLE Ln  BvA h
E kM jkvA BBE 郰 Be Td~ G Bd E BvA BTwA k vA BE
nB] RBdA SAp B  . . . UBd   Bk] AkkU  Be Aoi zU SB
 B   Bno{  BnBiE  kd A  E AoLA  pqA  ov
dA A jAnG F   BvA  hTA  \A n G  ϧl ]o cɃA
d mA hTA  \A AE n oL UnBe  BvA țn o  E RB{
TA RBMBA  RBBA  oXA L  nkA BG ɗ jE k Bɗ  BvBM
  Am   nA  hA B{A nE  wE d E BoodU oL 鼅Tv
o  AkA z d E BvA 鼅Tv  hTA  \A AE  Ao oL G
. ]nj B ZAo ȗ k B Ao{ n B   A G oA M
E    M  nozA AE ]A  njB BvA E A Am  }hT 
k  Bv nA ݪT  B LU Ao oL G nA ȗ hTwA ȯB d
. An]  B Sæ E kM
. (1)  . . . oBA o   n T A  
....
: njB~A
--------
. 8 : ~A  - 1
: hA  BhA M dA
B  TB  k G U TA LwBA BwA nBTh   M BvA  Be
oXE \TU BvA e   hTA  \A RB   G   e G 
 AkE ﱦM  nBz dU  U TA LvA  AA  jBTwA veE B
. UBB
G X A c~ ɗ  Bi  c~ ɗ  BvA e ɗ Am c AlG 
? BdA  mA  bo  Te kzA   k] E A  ȂTU d~A
Am  E  ɃoA  mT kXA A h E oU d~A E ɫ Bɫ 
? ~BA UBh oBw   BwB Am u E  v  BM Ak Bo AdA
ϧl   A  Be SAj B A  AA m B~ E G  u hB
BU  BdLw A BE  dA  d~A   q] jkdA BvA nk 
  A G ]BdA kM A Lz E nk E  BA   BA  mA 
kMB G o E kM boA  mA  BvA U  njBM uE ? BkY G
RAj]A BM Rjp TA BkA q]A oLTU AlB  ? A  AoA  lA AE
Te lƪA RBMo񼪧A i ȗ dA tBwE  Fv   ? dA  j dA
? BkA A ϦU G ZBTd
: B oL JA\A cT 
ϧmM    . . .  jAnG  nk    RBA 鼪]  qBe A G  1
. ]BdA  q\A  }A B{E 鼪]  Bq
Am pB\U G    oL v ]Be  B~ LTvU BvA k dA  2
. Be B LwBA BwA nBTh E BvA BTwA AlB  ]BdA m kw  }A
E   ko  BdLw A   BvA k dA  A dA ThU  3
  q      B   UB]Be  ]Be Lz E k B~ kv
. ]BdA  }A AE
BdLw E  BUB B  A RAmA B  \v mA dA  G  4
 BM A BUB G ~U E  鼅TvU zM RAj]A  RBhA i
țAo G 汦 jAkTwA  MBA B  Bk]E mA  B  Be ȗ 񪪧A
.m BUov ȗ ]BTdU B 鼪] B o   BB
ozTA BoBM ~i M Ake BvA oT  E A dA oB nE G  5
. RBd]oTA  nozA i  TA BoBM   BA  LA i i 
(1) ( An BG  AoB{ BG LvA Bk BG ) :  We A k 
....
: njB~A
------------
. 3 : okA   - 1
AA  BhA M
XA Y   mA Y BLA M tBA k{E E   TMA AkL KeE AlG A G
. XB
? L~A qU   ? LA q  ...    cd Am
ȗ BAkA pU B BLeE  Bp  kU  BLA  KB~A  Aqi A k 
Bp E pT |Bi S B   ? oBM E UA B Bp    kA 
?  E JBLwBM miE ȗ o~ ? ϧl  d S E ȗ tBA 
Te zU BE E BLeE  A BFM }ThU  A Ld  AoLU BLA SB AlG
.kdA  oBA  A AkE
  ? B\A  oBA  BɄA zU ɗ ... BdT BLA SB B 
E LA Am K\T E ke vT  AoiE  ?  k M  BM \
? o  nk {  UjAnG  BvA oAj  ZnBi Am E E  L~A ϦU
 B  A  B M q  鮚 JA] G ]BdM ȷ   BBlE ȗ nkU wE B
. BhA [v 
: VjAdA U 
: o YY k] Vke E ovU ȗ
 ϧmM BUB~i LUoU    BBp B kTA ȃBBM LUoU  VjAdA : A
 A nBG B Am   oBdA  ȃBA M BLUnA    ϧm BM B LUoU 
o    B{E zMFM oL\A G jƽ mA oA B{A ovU ȗ k~A L
. LA cA dTv
u  BU  BdLw A ȷ A m   B kTU  BLvU  YjBe  : ȯBXA
. o{BL VjAdA  RAj]A 鼪] nk~U   keA B w BA ȗ
RBLLv  JBLwE E wU kM  (1) (     E Bü{ jAnE AlG oE BG )
  oiA VAkeBM TA oABM   BM |Bi oE YjBe   oiE
A  E oT Bk   Vke E j] E j]M TA ȴA A  BA
keE  ikU kM   BTe Tw YjBdA m B  B YjBe M  pA m U
UB~i  UB  BvA u oYE  E ϧl    A G B  lG  A o
.oXE  햽 B ȗ oB ȧBi nj  M  BE   E ȗ
E BwB B B   nk~Tw ~A E kM  Ȧ~w kLA FM A  ȗ B AlB
 TA A jAnG  G z   B  E ~A oT E Be B   dT
. BvA BE M Am  Ȧ~ E RB{ hTU
k]   BdA d joɗ ɗ E T\ ɗ e  mA  dA oL\A  Am 
ɯCoA RBA oA Am M ɗ Ȗ  j\A  hTA G o]   RBɛBA
. RBLLvA  JBLwA B  AkA oXA
鼪]   BA  Be RBLLvA  JBLwA B  A EkL FM A : WBXA
kTA   {  j]  ~B~i KvT Vke   BA  VjAdA
 ȃBA M Y A   oBdA  BA M LUo j] E o~  
. nk  A B  Am  ϧl M  E keE Ϧ    LTvA  oBdA
BC  oBdA Mo\U  ȃBA i M hA odA ȷ joA E A Bd
. LTvA
kTv nkA  BBM jBTA   ȴA E jBA ϦvA M oA m oU  
 ϧmM v B  RBLLvA  JBLwA B  BA A EkLM jBTA  UAnoL
. B B joU TA RBvTA  RB{A  MB]A  BXdL E B 
....
: njB~A
------------
. 82 : u - 1
: k SoTeA  - 1
RAo] G o   An BvTMA  oY z  BBz  e ȦT ] 
AoM M   RBqTvA M üTM E  SzA   dA Az E BUkE kT
iAo G A LTU   BoM  Bo oM B o\M v UAhM AoXT z
BTB   Bv  oTA ȗ BBC SdU k   K  ȫk mA  ]BA
. KTA  BM Ȧ LwE kM
: B k o  kM YjBdA m 
Am   Bi o{  oTdU E kM AoTeA LU TA Bv]A 鼪] G : E
E  A AoM M o  BA Am   {  hT  mA A nk  BA
E wBA E BA M  oBA E ƪA M o   vA L E  oBA Aki
. ϧm Bo   M B\  E ABM   M  STA
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k A E  E c~   BG kTU k  odU M BodTw TA kA nBThU  
. k   L~A m E  k oeE
BBLTA oXE owA E A SB   Vke B Tv  dA nj v  : BXBY
k A E v B AoX   kFU M L~A m Sq B A A   Anme 
G L~A m Lv c~ B    d oiC ȗ Td oi  Bk lBBM SB
. A AoTe BLLw B BG G : B owA E A
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YjBdA m  X BA odU  BE B BvA k odU  AnB n~T E 񪪧A
k AoTeA E Ȯ Am   AkME YjBe  mzU  mA ȴA nkA  BA  U
KA{  LB{ E ϧl ȗ  E j A BA nBLTBM A BM B A
A G  UowE  ɫE G  A G BTLvɯ c~U L~A m E cT   oL\A
. Bi  o TA \ BLU ϧm B] G  BU  BdLw
zTU E SBe AlG  owA m LT AkM zA m U E  : BvBi
m SAj B   LTv Bz  BiE ȗ A ϧmM jBTU  B~A  BBiE
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.. ϧl  EwE U  BG [BT E  A Aoz
mA nkA  BA  E  oYBA e  E  o  A BG ABe AlG BE
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U E  kM   KA  dBM vE TA    MBz oiE BiE ȗ
. ȴA ZAnkTwA  B Tw BT o zA m
: F]B BG - 2
KUoU   U BM pBT  L o ȷ   A m ȗ Lw E z  
. ϧl  ohLU F\   BeE ȮM  BC B  Am BT]A  ȧBA 탰
kTA M     pBT kM  Tj  A   L o E k~ 
. o L  A ȗ L  ϧl    UBB  UBAM TT  d{oA 
: Bk] Td FT    B AlG 
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 M  Ȫ tBwE  qUo  L Bd  FM q\  nBLTA M miE 
. no E   jo\
hT T\ G ȪT E Ȯ Am  o k ϧl   A E Bw  : BBY
E  {oA E wAA tBwE   M  |oA ƗBU  kA  vA   
. ϧl MB{ B  RBMvdA
. ozA ܧ z  T\A Am ȪT   
kA dU  hTB  (1) ( ... Bi  A mA L~U  T AUA  .. )
oB  B 雰 TA dA m   B qTA Te T\A cAo{ 鼪] K~w
. ϧl
U ϧm  kA  dA  TA    mA T\A  U B vB
BT]A oTA AL   cd zM L]AM A   Ajo Ajo jAoA 
. AodA Am cd~T  A Am o
B mA    BU  BdLw A G dA m Lv c~ oA uM  : BXBY
ȴA nkA  BA oAj  mz {    RBT\A  tA dU TA AA
.
ȗ ȧBTBM  BUiAk  BT]A nA G UBTA ȗ BLLw YjBdA m U k : BMAn
k ϧmM  BT]A Tv dU   ϧl  KUoT B   BUnA
G \T  JAXA dTv ~e B  oL~M  . T~h{ BM  BU o ȗ z
( .. nA LBM Ϫ ȧ oi  Ȯ FME mA   ) k   UAi ȗ A
. (2)
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 dA  jBTM BLLw zA m T .. A ϦU G ~ od o
. BTA  hw d w ȧBTBM  BdLw A  AodA
....
: njB~A
--------
25 : BA - 1
. vA  kMBA p Bߧ bBTTA Bj  - 2
: BAn B k - 3
 Sdw TA |oA  kTv  o k FM  kz VjAdA ow MBU  
Fi  kTv  o   k M oTA RBBA   ϧm   B BM
Bw B   TLd  鼪\A AoTeA dTwA ϧmM   Ao q M 雰F kA
m G oA BAp   . BAn AjE B k  BLBM G nBz Aqn cLE  B\zA
: BE KzTU FvA
BvM B   jBA B   o{ k BT]A kM o~ dT  : E
B   oA AkE B   BA  vA BɃA B  TBɄ  j\A
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. A  o~A oz  kkdU  B nkM BUB
UB  v G o    o~ A ozA   kBA Am  k : BBY
E kA oi   E j] nj ȗ o  o \ B  BhA UBB 
nB ȗ q G o~A dT E G UjB  vM AoT jAkA  nmdA ȗ o~
. oiE
Tv  킧A B  A B kkdU  MBLwE wAnj G o~A Am k k 
. oiC 雱 ȗ kk] o~ G  E BU  BdLw A B]An o~A JBLw
  BE A G TLv c~ AkME ȴA nkA  BA  Zoh  o~A Am : BXBY
Bo{ AlG   m  AkME Ue Al B o~A G jU vA  AA U
... kp Uo{ ç ) o~A JBLwFM miF Aj B kk] o~M  A U Bo{ e
. (1) (
A ȷ  oA ɗ voA A MB keE  v oe kɗ Boz  G 
kk] o~ɯ n  kTL kɗ ȧBTA E oLTA E noA  ow AlG   A
. BG  TA vA wBTA G BBM
k  jBTwA BvA veE AlG G  G dT k ]nBhA o~A Am : BMAn
Am o~ dT k   A  BMo jAjq ϧmM  uA B\ ȗ oiC o~ G  T
A  L\dU A m SB AlG BvA BM Tv  wBTA  e L~ G
. BU  BdLw
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. ȴA BTA 
....
: njB~A
------------
7 : AoMG - 1
: nBA  - 4
JAm  nmE  nA  RAvA Bo \M ozM B   A jB~BM o
wn AwnE   JAmA AE k  M C   AAlE   MnBe  Mm ]
Bw  񦪽 B M MnBe RAw oz  kk\A kBM BG Kl ]  G
K  E    KmTA  AmA  k~BM M G Kl B  ȗ  
AkA nAE G AodA  ozA RB  A]oh E  jAnE M  v Bü{ 
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.  C M  M TA
M m  lƽ BL  kL  Bw  Av  BA  E G
K M   G A ) .. Mn ]B Be K] G  Bk .kE BU B
.( .. ȧBME  Ȧ
? nBA  ~A  BLA  LA q ov 
BA L  BAo  ]A 雱T E kM BeG  AoU Ao LT   : E
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E ) :   BqA  ȗ Bo BB MBz BA Am   odA  汧A
. B  A nk  Am  ( B\UA ȗ  Bh  A ȗ  Bv  jn  
KenE BC  wE UoAj SB B   Be  E oTA oA B B : BBY
ohA B o  Ao  B oXE Moe  k{E oA   BT]A B 
Am MnBd BA ȗ ozA    KU  AL  dB~    ȚdA
.A oA
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AA LA E AoTA G BM ]Be    gnBTA oL nAoeA  Bk Lo m
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. Am LA AE k{ AoU k  ~A Te E k\ Am  BT]A
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UBi   ( | ) oA BL BdU TA BBA \e n~T E A 鼅Tv : BMAn
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dU B B dU  j  oL  mM   jE E w JB M  B v
 ( .. SlE B XM L lE B ) : Ak en v  B Te woA  BLA
XA Y T mA Y BLA  M tBA k{E E : ȷ jo kB  B]
... XB
: BA zA  - 5
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A G B]U  Aoi G 햽  A E G ê oL M A G BoE Bv
oA ȗ    Aoi  E ȗ B]oA  hA  LdA Ʀ KM BkBM
ϧl  K E j  vA  oz nAk] bBM cB kL zA nB\A
. Ao]E
T RBvM  v B Bzk S~   cB~A kLA k M L u] 
.BLA  TA
BMn BkL E BjnF Ao  BB Bo E Bzh ƫ AME B A BE  )
TdU B  kA ȗ T  B nAk\A BE   Ben JoE  Bp  Aoi
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. (1) ( ... oE  T B  Mn
: KA BE  JA\A UF  AA  BA z We An Be m
BLLw B MA BB  bM A JBLwA ikU e TAA UB ȗ : E
  ov  K TMA oL ϧl o G   FM Bpo M MA  BBod 
. BLE SL\E BTM A BL oL  bB\M ApB\U k   MA  BBoe
 UB kM Te nBYC SM B B BLLw B BXA BdA ȗ JA U G : BBY
e  VkdTU TA RBAo ovU Am   B qA e ȗ BM A dM S\U
. k  B  E ȗ KBA ƪ A
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. nAk\A BG  T Ao{BL BLLw  jBL  BdB
\U  BA nM oz BvA K \ mA keA oA  BM BA : BMAn
E BTe  Be  ȗ zM A  JoT  {  ȗ BM e E kT
.  E BLLw   . 
....
: njB~A
------------
. 82   80 : A  - 1
: LA e
[BT G jTw kwBA RBkA B  w [BT G vA RBkA jU B
]  ÄBhA RBkA ϦU AkhTwA KLw  oA M  Kn   { M kwB
. BBLT{A E Ak E B
ȗ BTwAo SB  UE  oXE ( AA ) RBkA ϦTM BTo  BUoLi SB B 
AA 籪   AA kTM BT kTU TA wAoA m  oLE FhA Vke 雱U
AA  BXeBM BvA A B    ϦU E YjBdA m  ȗ ikTU TA
m ȗ BA A  ovA Bd  ( v BdM oTA ) UAl KdM Bk
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G k{o B  k B 鼪]  ~T A BoA SikU d~ mA BA U
T{ ȗ BvA  BLLw UBozU  kA A  hTA B  BA  jBvA
c   RBozU  ozLA ]BTdU B 鼪] E kA   BzA  LA AE
ϧl G ~ ȟ ȯBvA k\ B\A BdwB ) AA  RBozTA m  C
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BA E LLvA  A nBG  YjBe E Zoi ϧl Ȯ E j gnBTA  T\A
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. ϧm  E no E BvA ]
:  E 
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?   JB oiA     ]nj n A
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. KA  dBM v ȦTU   MnBd
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: Fi kM M
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k BG  . YjBdA ϦU  ȗ BiAkT \TA  KLvA qU oLhA  Th
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. \  kLA 
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(1)  ....
....
: njB~A
------------
. 53 : S~  - 1
: LA k 
E LA n~T k  ϧm Te AodA \T   Te AA [BT SB AlG
LA kU k~A E kU RBAoA  ] E   kL   jo  q AlG LA
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A vU  o  B   (1)  A lBM oX × SLɓ  ɗ   
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....
: njB~A
--------
. 249 : oLA - 1
: LA  A
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B   ϧl űv dT E  Ak Te E BBLT{A E ] AodA BvA
BA ȗ jAoA \A  oL   BvA   ϧl  LB LBM  oL
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. A
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. Uov 
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: UBi
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k M  v G BLo  Bk  Ʉ  L  k E  G jjT E BvA
. q BvA T E G BdA ~U
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ȗ keA jn Ml MB ȗ X BLeE keE R oLTU E ϯBBM   RBB\A
BA BA jnA m R Ȯ  . oB{ B kM nBpA B SLUn oeBw ]
? \A 
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: nkA  BA oU
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. (2) Y  T  nAk  {  ke  nkA : tnB MA B
A Am ȗ Te  M A BɃ TA vA  AA  : BeA nkA
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.
....
: njB~A
------------
. 3 : A  - 1
. 63 | : 5 Z : uBA - 2
. 49 : oA  - 3
. 99 | : 5 Z : tBA . . . i eE E . 12 : S~ - 4
: nkA  BA 
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    BB  BBp  nAkM jkd B ]  VjAdA 鼪\ . A
We  Tüz  A  SdU A B ]   . ȴA okTA SdU ZnkU 
. ȴA BA SdU ZnkU  o j zA AmM AA \T ]
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.
: nkA  B oiE B B
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: BA B
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.
: KA 
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KA  Bwnk TA  BvA B h TA vA  AA ]  nkA 
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: nAk\A w
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d  wBT Ǳ Be G BvA T E BBM  KLw   B nAk\A
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. (1) ( vdA 骧 A G  BLw k B AkB] mA  ) : TA ȗ BFU 
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: UqB]  ~d k] M TA o ȗ ov  A ȗ kB\ BvG  : E
. nk boz  Uo~M  L A o E : A
. ( A A ) Be y \  RBLXA  nkA d : BXA 
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. BzA  ldTv   A
E BG BvB  A AA  B  ozM u   BBe BBA Am
k  ȧBTBM   B ov TA jBA jkd ϧmM    hT E A k LT
nk  A B SdU BA BvG   ( nkA ) BA ϧm MBA BA nBTiA
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....
: njB~A
--------
. 69 : RLA - 1
. 36 : oiqA  - 2
: BA  kT nkA - 1
B kM  oB ~ AoL E  SM BL B Ao  Boz m E 鼅Tv Te
Am Bɗ   wk B~U  RBh  ]BTd B  ozA Am wAnj 
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MB oBA   v AqB] SLA cLFɗ ozA Am Bm BG :  RAhA
. Ao
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.
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. Te  UjAnG A mA zA  B\BT ]
. (1) ( ...     E Bü{ jAnE AlG oE BG  )
.  ]  A   [TTv  qT BE  Bol B ȗB   cd  Am
An W ozLA A Ap B TA AA ϦU   A od Ap B mA BA Am
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. B   MBw nk  E M 
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RBkA M BB kM ϧl jo  A E   G BU TA RBkA M ȗ FhA
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....
: njB~A
--------
. 82 : u  - 1
: nkA  BA  - 2
d hU   RBBA    ovU   {  mz  mA BA A EkL G
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vT ɟ AA m BzTɟA  ɗo BvɯA LA A S\UA Am  ..
G BA 汼   uA qU nA nBG ȗ ȗhTwA nkM  E Bvߧ
. BE M Mn
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TA vA  AA  BBT B G ~ E Bvߧ U TA A eoA
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nA ȗ E BvA ȗ M E ȗ  YjBe hU   Aw ke  UBB\UA TiA
 ϧl oYƽ E j  B   Bd B  RBA E RBjBA B ȗ
. nBTiA nA jAnA BBM ~T B { ȗ nBTiA  BvA jAnG
: oLA BLT{A
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ȗ  KT B  m coA K ȗ zB   w ȗ nL\ BvA E An~U
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...  En   nBTiA kM  wnB
o~  nk jC MA L]  KT   ? LA Am  { nkA  BA 
! ? . . . ϧl o oA E E  ? hA h E L
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!!? AlB E ϧl Bvߧ 
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. B E B Bo{
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B BzA A B   BvA BE M  E    BE Bv FvA nBXU
. o~ ooU ȗ BvA e Fv  Ajkd BMA] k   BvA
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. A  jBLA  XA B nAo
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: nkA  BA e
G {    RBA  RBjBA  ovU TA TMBXA AA ]  : nkA
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. (1) ( kLU A v k\U   L  Ai mA ȗ A w)
. (2) ( kMB  d  L A  veE   A L )
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A ]o  A E BTB  BM A  KUoT B{A Am   BjA
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. ϧl i G ozU AA  M . nkA Am
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o~ ooU ȗ e  od  nBTiA  jAnߧ kB BvA E oL\A  G : BMAn
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? nmA nkA  BA 
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nBTh mA  BvA M  AoL] ϧl  Te   h E 鼪\A  :  Y
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....
: njB~A
--------
. 62 : JAqeA  - 1
. 138 : oLA - 2
: nTvA KA 
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TA AA oAj vM B oz  KB]   BvBM d mA nkA  q\ 
ko d ... BvA u B ȗ M   VAkeA  Vke B ȗ u oYU
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. (1) ( Lv AB BM BmiF
: BU 
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. (2) ( AnBE  \  RB]  \  M
  ME BL] B ... ) B jo  RBBA Ak v e  A ]A  BB
. (3) ( kkdA  BE  oA
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BM Am   .. ƪA o~ ~U A   BUBoM qU BvA   BUAoi
... nk  A 
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. (4) ( BAoMG oME k
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y    B]BM R  oXE JmBM R  )  (  ) jB~A BA 
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....
: njB~A
------------
. 96 : AoA - 1
. 12  10 : b  - 2
10 : FLw  - 3
. 228 : | 62 Z : nBdLA - 4
140. | 5 Z nBdLA - 5
? .. E BE
B B JnkA   kvU   oA BE U   B BvBM JBLwA U k
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... B KTA
o kE G BBBM  e k BA E  oBe k nkA E BvA  Te
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. (1) ( B]oh  \ A T   . . . )
A  YA A   Bz  d Bvߧ eoA kLA .. dA bBT TA 
. BB 鼪] ȗ Uo~  BvA kh ikTU TA A JBLwA JBM cTU
. (2) ( . . . KvTd  We  po  )
We  UF ZoB A JBLwA M U  BvBM jBA JBLwA SB ç 
eBTA B B  oLE A RAl ȗ BMl B B G ZoA ov   KvTd 
.  G T   o o  A ȗ   cL~ e   wE A 
. (3) ( . . . Lve  A  T   . . . )
BkA MB]G  o~BM vdA k  mA    JBLwA   A  kM A 
. kkvTA  TA 
. (4) ( Ank {  A ] k oE BM A G . . . )
AA m SBU G   q]  M A nk  Zoh  A JBLwA m 
 w  ȴTU  A A  nkA  q] B jBA vA  A vA 
. kU
. (5) ( ...  nkM G q B  Aqi Bk G {  G  )
kM G U  B B SU  jBA JBLwA  S G  A JBLwB
ozA dU k G BdT  kFTA  kA qU  A eoB  BMBLwFM miA
. BvA B cTU Bk  BkA   jB\A   TA B  ϧm pA
AƼ  ȧ AL\Tv Bj AlG AkA j K]E Ko ȯB Ȯ jBL ϧFw AlG  )
. (6) ( k{o  M
....
: njB~A
--------
. 2 : A  -  1
. 3 : A - 2
. 3 : A - 3
3. : A - 4
21. : o\dA - 5
. 186 : oLA - 6
? jBe A nk 
   A jAnG G JBLwA  A BTA  Te ɗ nkA  BA B AlG
k]A  BA Am zA  A  . cA BBM A  oiE nBLM  . Tüz
B E nkA  BA Am E AA m  :v bo Aw BBɫE k\ɗ . . . 
? AlB  ... ] E B ApBd B AlG  ? pBd  E jBe LLvA  LLvA
BU B  B    nA ȗ Ti ]  BvA i A E : JA\A 
  nBTiA  jAnA  A RBBG  ]BTd B  BE  BT]A  joA
nkM  Te koA BA Am E REn A dA  ... RAj]A   ohw
 BMoA  BLA BwnG Rno  TAk  TBn  kM cd zM hA ȗ
... \  A k  AoBw Aj B kkvTA  o~BM nA ȗ hTvA Am Rk
  keA B\UA  keA vM ovU A ȗ A m  RAj]A m  lG
BvA M pATA  B\vA dU TA keA  dd~A ~A ȅ kA B]
 kA  dA d ov j]A ȗ B\UA B  Ak B M  nBTiA  jAnA l
 AA SB   鼅TvU B M kU   j]A Am ȗ ohA A BoU ohA
鼪] U E  B~oe ȴA oMkTA B    kU  G ozU  Ao vA
BG kBvɫ BvA Am d~ Bɗ ovU nkA  BA oBɫ 鼪]  AA
. BE  q M M SE TA BA jƽ Te  hTwA BC B G 汦
B \  o G ]  TBn oT Y Bi h A E keE n~T 
Bi G ~ E BA Am   oL\A d  ϧl \     BvɟB
BTv  M BB h E  UjAnBM LdA  kA  ohA d E   AnBTh
dTv Bk ... nk B  AM ϧl G wT  Bi  MoM ϧl  ȗ
. ȴA kFTA  o~A
.. B w dTA  oL~A mhTU E  . . B Bo kA  dA mhTU A  
G  E jBA TA BA Am kM  BnBM  TU  JBLwBM miFU E 
Bd  jkA  kA jB  nBLTwA  n\A  A ɛ  BpB  BLB]
.ȴA kA
. (1) ( AkE SLX  o~ A Ao~U G . . . )
. (2) ( n Ai  Kd  A G AC mA  Ak A G )
. (3) ( qq Ǳ A G o~  A o~  . . . )
BoTiA  AA ȗ B j]  Aoi jBdA M . . . j]A ȗ jBe  lG
A iF ... dA o~  BBG  JzA RBB k\T nA ȗ oLTvA
BLA       o~ E kM dBM oF  G STA BM hT E K\ TA
Zoi dA o~     dA o~  BLA mh     mh E kM A 
. UoAj 
....
: njB~A
------------
. 7 : kd - 1
. 38 : [dA - 2
. 40 : [dA  - 3
: BA d Bk
G L SɗodA AlG   AodA  Uov Ȫd   BvA ~ nkA  BA
]E  E  ]E  oL Am  . . . A nk  pB\TA  AodA Am ni
G BT\M \TU We An zM AA m B k B  nkA  B n
m G ozU TA AoA CoA RBA   . . . A d Tɟoe  BvA ki
. . . ]  b M dA
햫 B AoE A Ȃ E ȗ 񦦚   E ȗ TTA lG o lG  )
. (1) ( nA ]oU A G 
B B   B Bp  TA eBvA m oA eBw ȗ A oMkU  VkdTU B
VkdTU  UjAnG  ȴA A k TB B  A VkdTU  BM  e B Aj
A G o  mA dA ƪB. Ao~A RBeBw ȗ wBdA BoYE  A AA 
ɄBLA   Bh  BvA Am X  d  TLX  o~  A FM ud 
 ȒLA  E A M o SUBU B A x] LoU    RoX B
( ...  E ȗ TTA lG o lG  ) . BM q  AodA A
.(2)
qA BUmiE k BUM no B  jkA  JBLwBM RmiE G  ȴ oA  BE
Ao~TwB ƪA jk  G Ao   jBA JBLwA  RBjBA G oU  YBM
. Uk ATwA  U
 A ɫAA ɛ RpoM BA k   . (3) ( ... E ɗ 񦦚  ... )
 oYFTA  BT{  B햧A  BzA ȗ jBA JBLwA  SLU lG  LA RAkFTA
. A k dU   BLA  ozA oA  鼪\ Ao q  oLA S\A 
. (4) ( qq Ǳ A G o~  A o~  ... )
k A\UA  k B  e mA A o~ G AC mA J êU Am 
qA m U k oLTvA  BA BE  . oiE eBw ȗ oiC o~ kA
AnBLTwA G AME G  A G A]o AodA G ALT  UBMBve Ak  o
k BA FM k Tq ovU ȗ oiE o A v nA ȗ AjBv E
) : U A . jBoBM  A E  B oiE \M vE   vB
. (5) ( . . . 햫 B AoE A Ȃ
Zoh  zM  ϧm oMkU  M  A B  A Uol mA TA Am 
 Y  jBA vA AA  pB\T  BT zM M vA  AA 
. BU  BdLw
ȗ BvB B]E B  UBhA m eE B . (6) ( nA ]oU A G  . . . )
E L d k . G ]o E  kM  kTMA E A  JoTA Aw A nBv
RBAoA M   AE  ϧl MB{ B  ( . . . o~LA Ȫ BA B] AlG ) 
oL\A G Kl  BG kTwB  B]oA  q oE AoMG jAnE AlG A FM : U BBeE
. . . oA m ȗ BM B kM RBBLT{A m B\   Aj  k
....
: njB~A
--------
. 44 : BA - 1
. 44 : BA - 2
. 44 : BA  - 3
. 40 : [dA - 4
. 44 : BA - 5
. 44 : BA  - 6
: jBA  . . . ȴA M
BLve AB  BBG jAq . . . ziB  A] k tBA G tBA  B mA )
. (1) ( A   A
 U w   L U F 햦   BvA bn ȗ kA WL tBveG
   ȗ Ao M  v BE ȗ M oz ...  A  ?   ? AlB ...
ȗ   Bh i  ȗ Ao ... ~dU  ȷ  BE   ȗ Ao  BE
oA Bh  BvA Am X  G v   ȗ Ao  BM  ohU o 
RA ȗ ? RA  Bh  ? nA  RAvA Aqi kM  oM   
 A k   o~A  ? qA  Bh  ? oXE A  cT  K\dA UoU
. A  VkdTU çE  (2) ( . . . AC mA  Ak A E)  
. (3) ( qd     i  . . . )
  ϧm T E     AkME jBA  E   |Bi  ȴA 
]A AlG Bi T  jBA nkA  jBA JBLwA oAj  v o~e mA jBA
UB B G LvBM X  RA BE ol AlG 馴A L~    E BjB BkdU
o~U B A A o~M ud  BBU Aoe jBA o   nk  B 
 BkA JB\TM ud    BM oA     ȅU   BM wT  
ȮL j]A FM o{   KBM C   RBA B  cTA mA ȴA hM
o~ G Bê AodA   Bd BoBM Bd v o  Ak  dA 
 lG  L\T ziB  A] k tBA G :   AlB ... TBe  A
. BM l ?  A B  ovh   ? A e ȗ   Bh
. (4) ( A   A BLve AB  BBG jAq . . . )
Bƫ B B   BA UBBG  ǱA BA RAoY  od jBA . . . 
   jBA jBMBM jkdA LmA AkE pB\TU  \BT B MwE  LmM
Ak v   oBA  jkdA BLM 킧A jBA A G G \T E 鼅Tv
M o k\ M . . . BM TA BA nAoe kM ud    Ak  A
ȗ B  F ZoTA   U TA  jBA AA jBe G KoA  zA
. BLA o E dA o~TA B   Vkd B {
E  BM Sw k   BL]A  Bnj U  B ȴ ȴA k A A BE
A ȗ A m  BTA  oYE  ϧl  BM A E  bA E  JBTA
. A{E A  BvA
....
: njB~A
------------
. 173 : Ao C - 1
38 : [dA  - 2
. 48 : BA  -  3
. 173: Ao C - 4
: FvA o~U
ϧl ov  ... kLT FM  Bv ~U   BA oU  VkdTU oX RBAn
?
 kLTU  Te AA 鼪] E  .. ? BTe   e BA n~T  M
. . . TMBY B\BT
ȗ B z ]AU e  BvA   B BvA k BA ȗ oTA  k
Si TA ozA M E AA M nBLTA M miF  E UBh  \AoM mU
. RBdA M ȗ BmiE nkM   E  
E ȪTdA oɓ B BovU ȗ \A E q\A oT E A e ȗ dTv 
  nBYC   A    AoYƫ n~T B    ȴA BA kLU oB
E  keA { G L   A B ȗ liF ȧBTBM  A  nk ȗ liF
E E  A RBe  e  nkA BA oB  vM  oTA KLw 
. o~A K]M o~A oU   BA dM BA kLU
mA ǱA BA ɗ BvA o E Bk  lG . . . e  BLoɓ kL k
MB A  E Am    . . nkA  BA  uM  ǱA BA k]E
? . . . 蚮 MB e E  oT
E   蚮A L Be    oTA L Bɛ  E M    Am  
w wE m    oU  M  oYU  ǱA BA qU E B BvA jAnA
L  . nA  Ti ȗ A BjE nk nE E   o~  Bvߧ
 Tz BA    nB~A A B M TA  cU  ϧl RBLYG
. A B{ G  VkdT w B Am   oT MB  ȪTe o v
: 轱TA  oL\A M
ȗ oYƫ   A  keA BA E \dM  A B AoE E kM  oL\A
. ȪTdA o BA ovU ATv   Aw j]A
U A  BM T  G   A  BM U AlG Bd  Tw k YjBdB
. A dTv
ovU BG  oL\A o q\ cE zM   ȪTdA o BA nBG Ȯ Am
. ȪTdA o B cA
 nBLA qU  Boe BA A nBG  BvA oAj A]oiE k : A BE
  G oA 籖 M BvA oAj ȗ ikT E  jB A L   A
. B nBTiA
BA ϧmM Aov G   : k\   TBdTwA   k\  BE dA Am
  TBdTwA    ȪTdA BA ovU z ]Aw  ȪTdA o
nkA  BA oAj  ]oi E BA A oAj  h E Zoi n~U 
. ȴA
. B UoBA ovU  BUq\ 轱TA  oL\A BTo lG
: RAj]A BvE
o  A AE 鼪]  AowG  oL]  A  bB : A RAjo\A
 BBi B ϦU RAj]A m   A G M d  B RBhA  ϧl
Am  oTU E kLTU E   TA keA BT L  jkdT Bo~   j]A
. BAj BTe BG LvBM nkA  BA  E B
. RBjBA ȗ B j]A    oXE B  TA ȷ  : LA RAj]A
AlG BE  op E oY BB G S  S A dA SɗjB  nmLBɗ
 BB G ~U  oX ȷ  BT Aq]E keE E A Bo{  o{ hU
ozA m Ti  B  Th B{FM zTU ȷ  ozA C LA jB
 E o~ B B   Bo~  BA  keA  B k]  ȧBTBM  
We  o~A  Th AE B B Th   BTU B   T  MBU
o~A AE SB oXE RBTeA SB B   oiA d dU E   
. ȪTdA BA  Am   ϧm oXT
kU E kU E BB BUov oU E B B  eo G ~U LA RAj]A
T LA K~hU e A  . ȪTe okU SdU BE B Am v ovA
 E cA   LTv  o~  oYU Yn RB i  A LTv
LTvA ϧl ȗ oiC dM RoYE  RB~A ϦU STi oiE Eo M K~iE
AoX B ϧm   kk\A jA o~ RBw M jkd mA  nBTiA Am lG
 . ȪTdA  텚A BoYE B   v Be  Am  eo BTA RBA 
oA ϧm  . nkA bAE  Be RBAoA M ȗ ] k eoA k\ B 
oB KLɄ G Km E BG ɗ  cd~A AkA BU AlG z   o mA
ȗ kq KLɄ G Km E BA   E  Ƀo q  cd~A AkA   z
 E T zM  E BB Ak BU Te  E jAjq  B{ oiFT M A
L BvA nBTiA   KL E G Km E  M  E BT E  
BA  oXT AE BE B  B G 汽 M z o    Bd
 BA oAj  Zoh E j  nBTi B oiA d d E  B  
. nkA
TA ȷ  kLTA  oTA LU  BA Am ȗ BdA A  AA : TMBXA A
. ȴA nkBM B BoL
RAnBv mhT BBU o ȗ oBw kLT  oT LA RAj]A 鼪] E 
 LU nBU  BToe ȗ ovU nBU  uTU oiE  BA ke G ~U nBT Th
  TMBY BdU TA A B KUAoA  RBdA m  ȗ  Th AM oYFT
. A L  A vM oA CoA B oL k  keA A
. (1) ( kLU A v k\U   L  Ai mA ȗ A w )
. (2) ( kMB  d  L A  veA   A L )
....
: njB~A
------------
. 62 : JAqeA - 1
. 138 : oLA  - 2
: B \T
 mA j]B  RAj] |BhA 郱A  {B ȪTdA o  ȪTdA G : E
B Th RAnk    oYU E B Th   oX RAjAkTwA RBMB
. BTe u j]A Am X  BA
( o  A  A RAjo\B ) AkeA BBG G d  mA j]A BE
  ȪTe o~ B ȧBTBM  keA T  jkdU AkeA Bo Ϧv E G  
BT{B BA ȗ TdA k  TdA ) vA ȗ B B  Am   oTA L
. ( BA eBA   MBA eBA 
AjAkTwA G ϦU  B  ȪTe Bo~ LA RAj] M  A RAjo\B
Bo~ B jAkTwA  oXE B TA RAj]A M  BvA hM keA LTv
. . . ȪTe o BB   oT MB
cd zM nBTiA tnB AlG A  E KUAo G v E BvA BBM Am
 d E BBM B  A  JoA B G RBdTA  RBA oL w 
JmA  BBhA BeE ȗ |B  w zM nBTiA tnB AlG RBAdA j BvT
.
E  u   oiA AA K] G B  AoYƫ B u nkA  BA : BBY
AA  A AA  BA  tBwA  FzA  EkLA  M  VjAd BLLw
E nkA  B   Bk  A EkL SdU ]nk   oB B   vA 
 oL\A oYFU nkA  BA BB  { ȗ { oYFU  鮪 E { ȗ oYƽ
 BB BM oL\U j]A oB M E 񪪧A  . . . dTv VjAdA
 vTU e jAkLTwA A ϧm   nA ȗ kvA  oLTvA  BA
. oiE J{  E BL{
: BvA q
  i jAnG  AnBTiA  An{   c mA RBBA  keA  BvA
E k~  v E  E   oiFTA  kTA  oTA  햧A oe Ϧ mA keA
Bk 邽 E 鼅Tv mA keA   l E Aqq Bd  BvT E BvT  Jm
wo B mTA A XU jAnG    BA ϦU  kA ϧl G v  B 
iAj  Aw AoA  AA  pB\T E 鼅Tv A mM  AkE  A
Bd  oLTvA  BB BvA ZnBi  E A  A  qAoBɟ BvA
nodT E nBTiA  BvA oe  u   RB\A  ɗ  RAnB~TA oLE
M v ȗ TBdTwA   nBTiBM Am LUo  AlG . . . A B  Te
Aɛ  }hzTM  Bɟ BɃn jAnG    njB~A A E  nBTiA
j BA Am nBTh E  M  Al E oA Am nBTiA  oL\ keE   AnjA
. Al E BA Am nBTh E ȧBTBM  Al
E v    ko B E G 汦 BvA B kTv TA wA  nkB
ko mA BA G T BT B ȷ M  E o ȗ BLeB oL\U wA
.  o αw  BLeB oL\U TA ȷ A E v   
: o~A oU e  ... dA
 BA L G  ȗ ]o E  kM  ȪTdA o  ȪTdA BA ovU G
A Bw TA AA SAj B B oL G    BA ɗ oU Fɗ  nkA
. j]A ȗ {  KTvU
A vA  AA  ] G ozU BBk] RBAoA  RBA M ȗ BFU AlB
: B 
. AoL S kA  E q E ohA Joz  
. ~hzA  jAnA M ȦTL AE BLUA  A ~  oTv  
AE v BB  A v o񮪧A  ȴA  oBM oA oT T\  
. n\A  A
 z  o A  Aow k~T E AiG [Ae ȗ z E kA oL  
. Uo~M
. oLA d  BA  nBvA A po i  j RAl  EoA ZqT  
. ZBTA o  BM  A  o  A [  Tv T\  
M ȦTL v BA  BE  A [  jAoɗE kTMA mA T\Bɗ
o񮪧A  ȴA  oBM oA oTw  vA dU  q\  ~hzA
. . .  UAoi  ȧTv  BA  A  Kv oB] B dA  ȧTv
 L  Ai mA ȗ A w ).  o  T\A  jAoA  ȪTe B Am 
. (1) ( kLU A v k\U 
o~ jke   BT\ E B Ajo BvA  Kw k nBTiA E ϧl Ȯ   
. . AkvA E B{A  BkM LT keA o i  LTv 
o ȗ E oA u ȗ ȂA  AnjB L  AnBTh L BvG  BvB AkME
eAo  ȗ  AnAoTwA  BL AkTMA ( nBTiA  jAnA ) BvA K mA . oiC
  e  ȗ G JT  A G \T E  Uov cd~ E  K M  UBe
 A B  oL Am  ( o  nBTi BvA   oT Am  ) S
. ϧm nk
nBTiA AlG MBvA B o  LTv o E BvA 鼅Tv nkA  BA K]M lA
MBvA ȧA BA E Bvߧ zA ϧl  AlG  Bw Bo  Bdd Bv
. ( |Bi B \T  ȪTe E e ȗ ) oT MB E M  BTe u
oTA G Lw uA oU   oA  kAA oM   oLA LA kU k~B
. nBhA  qA o jBzA  jB\A  oBM oA   BzA BT]A
AlG   BvA ȗ A BjE TA RBMBA nE  dM oLT nBTiA  A Am G
) ȪTdA o  ȪTdA BA B o~ ooU ȗ BvA e Ȯ nkA  BA B
mA  A Am  . . o~ oU ȗ BvA e Ȯ ( BdE mA A AmM
ȅ   M A kL B E FM ϧm  RoL  ( AkLA ) FM RBAoA  RnB{E
 ȧBTBM  G Bo A  tF \   XBM nzA d  A BvA
.oiE FiE E o odA   UBe  AkE d A M BvA
Ϧ   vM B jkd  LTvA Un wo BvG  E Bol B cT 
Ao B  nBTiA tnB  v oɓ AlG BA Am  n~A m oU  nkA
  AA  JBLwA    nkA  BA B  oTA Am   Bdd
BA oB  vM  ȪTe o ]  BA oU KLw E  Bk~ B  Am
. . o~A K]M o~A oU  BA dM BA kLU E E  nkA 
....
: njB~A
--------
. 33 : JAqeA - 1
: B kM  RBe
X VAkeG  nkA   E   { o~ oU ȗ e BvA Ϧ E : E
 E Ȯ Am  UjAnG U BA  BE mA BvB  oiC { oTA Am
oTA Ao]G B oLE AodA B B  oTA Am X Ao] BBG Ak] mL E
ȗ kvA  BA  BB |Bh{A M k q\A ]nj ~U E G  KE
Ȯ  Am  .^BTe B jkv o A  KLvM BvA ~ k lA nA
 k] M  G \T   U  BM TY  kq E  M tF E BvA 
.(1) ( . . . Lve  A  T   ) kkvTA  TA  uT
k  oTA Am Ao]G L  B o E BBM BvA E  Bk : BBY
AlG B    BvA ȗ   nA ȗ Bi  hU  A   A k B
h E L ϧl  ? ~w ke E G   E ~w E E  E ow BvA B
. .  E oA Am αw  BvA nBL]G Ȯ  MBvA    hA
We G BLl mA A kU X BvG R kU TA BLA RAnBLiG M : BXBY
  BvA Am Fv Bk   RA  BMT B mA joA ϧl B oT
 BLݧ BLmU Ȯ  Am  . . ϧl MB{ B E AoM  E Aow k~U E LT 
 oX  ȗBhA oYE  햧A Am E  tB BLU oLT M  wn Jm  A
. . o B ϧl   tBA
....
: njB~A
------------
. 3 : A - 1
: nkA  BBM BA RAoY
VjAdA 鼪\  BU  BdLw BM BA pA   nkA  BBM BA 
. hA h E L A B탰 A  B\BT  BYkdM LUo
. (1) ( oTv oL  o   )
  AkE G U TA JBLwA  WdL BvA k nkA  BBM BA 
. fAoU E v M B ovA  qA
 kM cd~TA  qA  omTA  zA  kM hTA  zA JBLwE wAnj 
 A  BUC BM AeoU   UB B  AwFU  ) RB B  ovdA  qA
. (2) ( nh BTh  Kd
Ten  A M G { BvA K~  Aj B RBdA  ȗ  BA vTA 
mA    (  ) A  jn B  ohA G A  nk~  Aj B   TB 
. ( A M E M q B  )  E ( LBM Ϫ ȧ oi  Ȯ FME
d  kAkzA k AkA  AA ȗ Eo\A BvA ȅ nkA  BBM BA 
T AlBɗ A kM pn  BvA ]E Aj Bɗ ... E oA E RA  hA 
 hT i kM k M  jB\A E eqA  o E B  Bh E Ȯ
o  L  G   AkBM ovh  o  M  B B RBLA   q]AdA
. nAo  L] 햮  {
 ɗ  ƪA u ɗ ɃoA  A  BTA z nkA  BBM BA 
 oT d    oz VY jkA E  BMnA   E  LA R  BzT
  ϧl  B BdTA  BqA E okA Kv     Vke E }h{
. nk  A B
E YjBe \   BBA wAnj ȗ TA  ƪA Mo nkA  BBM BA 
A Fv   B { M BeE mA A G Bjo M BnBG G nBv  BovU
.BnAowE G 汧A ȗ kBv E     輖 E
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. ϧm B ovA  BnAoE  BnBYC  }hT
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. BvA L] B k Ajw RBd gnBTA \v M
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....
: njB~A
--------
. 53 : oA  - 1
. 23 : kkdA - 2
: wA nk ȗ
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.nkA  BA wA bo Am  nBTiA  jAnG M Mn G
A\UA   wA nk ȗ vA  Am  MBdE ( | ) LA Mn Am  
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....
: njB~A
--------
. 33 : MTA - 1
: AodA AkM
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....
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. 171 |  1 Z  wBvA BA  - 2
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: ǱA dA o{ TU 
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: B (  ) jB~A BA 
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....
: njB~A
--------
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. AkLA c~
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. ( ... B { M A BeE ) : BU B B 
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. A
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....
: njB~A
------------
. 148 C : BA - 1
. 516 | : 5 Z oLA gnBU 456 | : 4 Z : oYA M BA - 2
o{A oL\A [ - 1
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....
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: nkA  - E
A  B B    {   nkA  ȂT TBi ȗ A keU A
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....
: njB~A
--------
. 98 : RBB~A - 1
72 - 71 | 骦  146 | : 8 Z : ȯB]o\A oz AA bo{ ]An - 2
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....
: njB~A
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. 76 | : 骦A - 1
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: ȂTA ȧqTA [A - 1
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RoM  BwoA vwƫ    1308  1307 b 261 / 1 BA q  kA  1
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 A  BA aA B   BM TA dA B  BM q  . nk  oL] ))
. (14) ((BA BG Ba
Am ȗ TA aA )) : B 轱TA oL\A  () BoA w  Ȧ BA VkdU
. Uov aA ^AkeA  BhU    ThU  ^E
. ϧl SEn A : B
 .  ȗ jBLA    LM }   AoBM ̽  ] q A A : B
B A   TBM jBLA oTA B   nkA B  njBA 婴a B ϧBA
 A   ϧl M M d A Bz T~M AoTA A  ^BB B  ^AjB
.  ijA mA  u 헰 d
. (15)  Bi  ~i k A Am jke L  :() B Y
 BzU B v BzU mA SE S TüzM jC MA B ) : wkA WkdA ȗ ǰn 
. (16) ( koU B v koU mA SE S UjAnBM 
A   AU  ) : nkA  BA  w Bk (  ) Ȧ ƪA oE B 
ohA : A    T BA  oL]E AU    T vE G
. ( A  ȗ MBw   A mhM ozA   A TM
 k횽   BM TA BTwA  (  ) ƪA oE Fw BL wA ]n G  
 ϧm B AlG  ? BE  nkA  BTwA Ϧ BvA E   햽
: ƪA oE Fv ? TBTwA  UnkM BvA   ȗ A ikT
? A  E A j  BU  BTwA  SFw ϯA
? E B  : B  BL B  : (  ) ƪA oE  B Sv
( o ) TT A j BU S G  ( oz ) TT A  BU S G : B
.
. ƪA oE B E B : B
 ϧl B BG B񦪽 B  ϯj B񦪽 mA BM BU ϯG U : (  ) B
nkE  B  njBA   B ϧBA   M  ϧl B BLv G  B
. (17)
....
: njB~A
----------------
. 8 - 7 C : AqqA - 1
. 93 C : dA - 2
. 148 C : BA - 3
. 31 : koA - 4
. 21 C : A - 5
. 90 C : dA - 6
. 94 C : AowA - 7
. 29 : A - 8
. 359 : keTA : k~A gzA - 9
. MBvA nk~A - 10
. 360 : MBvA nk~A - 11
. 361 : MBvA nk~AA - 12
. 157 / 1 ȗBA : ȮA J M kd - 13
. 159 / 1 : MBvA nk~A - 14
. 366 : keTA : k~A gzA - 15
10. b 340 | k~ keTA JBT  - 16
. RoM L 345| A dU  - 17
: AkLA oU
: B  :  ( BLA cTM ) AkLA
 : BU B UoE : TkME   o : AkM kL zA AkM  BhA kM nA : A
. (1)  ALv B RBüw  AkM  * LvTd A  B A   AkM 
. (2) oiC En ȧ o E  B B ȽEn oU : AkM ȧ AkM : ȯBXA 
 Bd B  A Vke  \A Lw qTv A M AkLA E cA 
. oA E  A G ϧl Lv   BdLw A
: BeA AkLA
 \A Kv  . oA ϧl ȗ  BBi B B jBL oE E AkM oE ȗ  AkM
 BU  \A Lv nmd q  Te  A G Kv   ɗ tB BhA
  B pB\A d  BG  nBA  AkMA M A  AkLA G 
d  E  BvA RBA   qU   K\TA   oA  BoA  KA
 o B B  B LB  (  ) M (  AkM ) ȗ A B] AlG  dA
.  BBi B  o  o jAoA   oi  E  k] JBT
: AkLA 
 v oU  Unk   B YjBe  ȗ BU  BdLw  FM jBTA 
m M BzA  dA  ȗ oYƽ E j  oiFTA  kTA  RBLYA  dBM
.pA m  RAoTA
 {   AkM   BBi B B jBL o YjBe ȗ A B oT Bk 
 k] : oE ɗ  AkM  j~A E   h   { A  oɈ B 
AoL A ϧl  BU   AkLA L  B mA oA o oA ϧl ȗ   kkzTBM
.
....
: njB~A
------------
. 48  47 : oqA - 1
. JoA Bv  n MA  dA tBA  jBMC poA oA  - 2
: BvA o~  BA oYE - 1
AlG BzA  tLA We G BG  o~ oU  njB BvA E  oX jA
 dA JBLwFM vU AlG BA  jBvA We G E  k  A [  odA
]E ȗ kqU nBTwA E eoA  E  BveA  k~A E B . BA  ohA
oA oU E kAA  E qA E ohA Jo{ Bɗ  ɟoLA dU  BvA
. BzA LA  BAE  Ȗ  UjBw  TeAn BvA  Kv oBM
 kA  B~BM    A oz mA T\B  kdA Am k oA   
LTvM  A    nA  BvA  RBoM  cTU TAo  Uq  Ak 
BUBoM  nA 鮪U ϧl  hT e   Bn  A eoM 汫 oz C
 A AE m  JAmA w v BɄ  A v   BUAoi BvA 
z\A jAjq  eAoTA q  Ao]  yeA   z B   jAkLTwA  n\A
. tBA kE SLv BM ϧl    nBwA UoU    TwA 
: AkLA ow - 2
B vA  oz Be  TA Bk (  ) ƪA oE  }h{ oTA
. ( A nk G A B  oE ) :
Bk   MBLwFM wU Bü{ jAnE   { M d BU  BdLw A A 
G BA Am  BTA Am   ko B G U oiE JBLwE B oiC Bü{ ko
. A nkM  oL B Am   BM T BE o
o    TdM A B  B탰 TA AA \T  BA B B 
z  oiC Bo BvA nBTiA AlG BA Am oT   M |Bi B BvA M z
w Te E ) A B  oE : B e (  ) Ȧ BA   Am   
BTeA  k]  B E E wBT nAk] G ) A nk G ( AkTA nAk\A
oe BvA SE BLA A dɗ  A ] B  A jAnG m  ( ohA
o~ oU  BE nkA Td ϧm   B  LTv nBTh nBTiA  jAnA
. ϧl G ]BdBM ueE S  ȗ
RBLYA  dA  jk\TA  AkA A nk LTv RBBA m BvA BG 
:  zM  B   鮪A  oiFTA  kTA 
. (1)  JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B A d 
.AkLA  Am 
 oTA Am KTwA k    { M ȧpA A   BT  A Am 
ke E G  탰 o mA    nBTiBM ~ E 鼅 mA  pA m  B
:ϧm S E ȗ G ~w
.(2)  LvU B   o]  ow  nA ȗ  RABvA ȗ A   
....
: njB~A
--------
. 39 : koA - 1
. 3 : BA  - 2
: AkLA o\ E - 3
: { M d ȧpE k  BU  BdLw A  G
. (1)  . . . {  JBTA ȗ Bo B 
: BvE YY  A Am 
L   BMo B   AkeE  馅   v BU  BdLw A M oYFTwA  - E
.  AkLA VkdM    ke o  A Am Aj B   wo
: TdA 텚A BA     oU  mA dA bA  A Am E  
. (2)  . . . kTv   Bw oiFTv  ]E B] AlB 
. z  AkLA   A Am   qhA A  JBTA FM BE  oL 
. SMBY  ȪTe E oLiE  i M  BLE  T  馄E  - J
nA ~E ȗ oA q  LTv RAL  RAnB{G oA CoA ȗ Rjn k 
  \A  uA L  CoA XM BUA BdTwA E  w M kM nB~TA Y
 AkLA B o\  B BdTwA E BdTM oLh TA BBA m   oX Bo
. wn  BLE Jm  A  AkME oTA
    E  i |Ai  BLE  T  A 馄E  - ]
v   ȪTdA o BA A Am    ȪTdA o BA A Am    {
:RBLYA  dA bM
. (3)  JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B A d 
 KLw    VjAdA   AkLA 隽 A Am ȗ   tB  kME BMn 
 AlG TvA G yw E  en ~  AlG o  vhA ȗ Rw 
Am   o񮪧A  U  oBM oFU  B BUnBe nBTw A m   ohA Joz
m  BU  BdLw A   B~A  kA BE AlG nBjpA o k\w T\A
. 隽  w B E  隽 w B E  ojBTA m M pA
....
: njB~A
------------
. 38 : BA  - 1
. 34 : AoA  2
. 39 : koA  - 3
: gvA  AkLA M - 4
ozA ȗ Te M ? BM gvU AozA    BdM BnBG   gvA 
 kwBA E cB~BM A ] ϧl  q E j  fv  gwB ϧB keAA
 tBA ]  A   G ȴT kE  ozTA Am E pA m  A E BTB
.  A  B A   o gwBA UE Te
. ozA LA G tkA SM  LA dU BdE  oX ϧl XE 
  B  TA B G AkLA kTA kɗ ozTA BM gvA }TiA ç 
Aw  oiFTA  kTA  RBLYA dA  A nkA  SLX B   keA
:TA B E ozTA B ȗ
. (1)  . . . . kM   L  oA  
....
: njB~A
------------
. 4 : oA  1
: cMmA 
: BL ȗ A Ld   z  BBM BL A dTA L M An nAe
. (1)  oU AlB oB dMlE ȯG BA ȗ nE ȯG ȮM B  B vA  M B 
: vU  Ke  BêA  w M MA L\
. (2)  oMB~A  A B{ G ȯk\Tw oU B A SME B 
 BBM L TA  G   TBi  A E   K\T BE  nk  
M MA cMm  w mdz JE  k  A nAFM v So{E  G   
BXTA G  k  v w k  ME  BB{G  誒 MA   A oE XT
 v B ȗ A   koA kzA Am BE BwBE SvLe A Te  A o
: Mn AjB   o
. (3)  vdA q\ ϧm BG BoA Sk k AoMG B E 
. (4)   cMmM Bk    AoM A oE o MA cMl G LvBM BE
. . .   A BBUC BM eo A G w ȖG MA AoMG  
n ) :   G BLl mA c~A BM AkLA  bM zU ~A m
MA cMm (  ) AoM oE  BdLw A jo  We (  Bi kM tB zA
. BA  BXTA B o E kM oA Am n Am  TMA  BdTA G
: e
BLA Bn E    (  ) AoMG BCn Bn i  B] cMmBM oA E h 
BMoA  cMmA E o   (  ) AoMG LA BdU G w e  oLhU jB
. (  ) BwA u  BvA  UE mA
....
: njB~A
------------
. 102 : RBB~A  - 1
. 102 : RBB~A - 2
. 105 : RBB~A - 3
. 107 : RBB~A  - 4
: RBA
: BU  nBLU A 
.   YY w BkA  
M Jm  jkdA SA ȗ ]o      ȗ BiE hTwA E kM  njB
FM A   AkLA Ank  We AoL M B k  oiC o o{E    o
: ȷ  Si TA A 
. (1)  ozM BBUE 
. JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B d A FM Av 
....
: njB~A
------------
. 142 : AoA   1
: u 
 Bz AC B u  G BBG B햮 SC o SB    : BU B
. (1)  e G BT  BkA BdA ȗ qhA JAm
BA jBL  B  wA G  Bj (  ) u LA E ~A }h 
 u nmd  Am  ȗ nk JAmA E Mn G eF   Bw Ao
AE ]ohM A B M  u Zoi   A ϧl Jo Te Av  ϧl
  JAmA jo  eo B A G AqE :  B  B G ALm JAmBM
oBw M Ao  fzA  BA  BvA  B]oA M Ao   pB G A]oiB
BLM STiA  UAE S   A햗  AoU  AjA  AME Y BjE  AdA
Bj JB\TwA  A eo  u M B] BM BC AB  BA RAE  BA
G k B keE E Te M BA Ajn   E B kM JAmA  z 
. LeB G jo    TM tBwE 郰 o\e
: AMBU E kM JAmA  n FM A oE o 
. (2)  JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B A d  ϧm 
....
: njB~A
--------
. 98 : u - 1
. 39 : koA - 2
: ]E  ZAp
t\A oX üA Vn JB{ k  uB] (  ) jAj BM ) : B (  ) oBLA 
G o RA Ϧ miE    v RA Ϧ BUE lG  S~A   k
? Am G Ro : vA  jAj B  JBzA
. 郱A Am ȗ BE Lw G en LM RoE ȯG  : B
? EoA ϧ  JB{ B : B  jAj eo
.  S]qU B    : B
E oF jAj G :   ( AowG ȮM ȗ nkA  B ]n ) B RF : jAj B
S AlB  Bk    G ZBTdU B A  mi   A BikU  TMA Ȯ]qU
. 郱A Am ȗ ȮA BE Lw
Bk BE   BijE  TMA ]oA ]q  vA  jAj BwoM JBzA 
 ȗ A   MBwE YY  E G ) . . . BXA  jAj A Y  BE Lw
. ( BY
Am bn LM RoE ϯFM ȮTYke Sv E : (  ) jAj B jAj RA Ϧ B\
? BE Lw G JBzA
. M : B
  TeoM en BU A G jAj B : B  BY  BY  BY S k : B
ȗ oiF
. (1) ( w YY ]E
....
: njB~A
--------
. 11 / 4 : nAA nBdM  v\A - 1
: RBAoA ȗ AkLA
. (  o k oA G U   A jA ) : B (  ) jB~A   1
VY o  ȚM k  en ~ ]oA  ) : B : (  ) BoA   2
. ( Bz B A 햽  w YY A Bo~ w
AoMB uE   { ȗ  kL ]  q A E p  ) : (  ) jB~A   3
.  (1) ( 
 Bz B d   Bz B oiƽ  Bz B k A G  : B (  ) jB~A   4
.  JBTA E k  Bz B SLX 
ȗ B k  G  kL { u ~ E L  ȗ  ko oE   : B 
. (2)  ]   kL  A G  
Bk  Ak AkM { ȗ  AkM BU A E p  ) : B (  ) jB~A   5
. ( A BM oB
B ? uBM BU A  ȗ   { A   ) : (  ) jB~A w  6
u E BA  G B  B  B B SEn E : S   A AqiF Am B    :
? A  ȗ
. (3) ( hA h E L M : B
. (4) ( AkLA XM A  B ) : B : (  ) jB~A   7
. (5) ( AkLA X zM A kL B ) : B (  ) jB~A E oBLA   8
. (  kL E L  ȗ B G { ȗ  AkM B ) : (  )    9
  c~A BM AkLA k ȗ zA B kTA TA ȷ BBXE  RBAoA m
. kTA ǱA BM AkLA Lv  kU An E k]U
....
: njB~A
------------
. 70 : kA B  k~A . 111 / 4 : nBdLA - 1
. 218 / 2 : {BA ovU  121 / 4 : nBdLA - 2
. 334 : keTA  k~A - 3
.  146 : ȗBA E : ȮA - 4
. 146 : 1 ȗBA E  ȮA . 332 : keTA  k~A - 5

: BA AE ȗ AkLA
: ( ɷ 381 R ) k~A gzA  1
K\    ϧl  A BU  Ak AkM FM tBA B]  B AkLA u )
L h i  zM EkL E  G : B  AkLA  FM ] q  o E B
  E  X   Y oFM oF E  o hM EkL  zA ϧl k Y  {
TA k   LA dU  AozA gv X ϧl     B XM oF Y {
SA ϧl ȗ  b~A E    G S ȗ oFM jBL oF    B]p B
oE B X  B E ȗ  b~A oiC S ȗ E    ϧmM oF E ȗ
B 햽 E  FM ]  q  oE   d~ BM oE SA ϧl B AlB  M
Bz BM oF   Bz B oiƽ  Bz B k   Bz B h  Bz B k  Bz
. (1) ( AkLBM oE k  B{ 
AkM : JoA   oE n  M A BA G Kv mA AkLA BG  ) : B 
. (2) ( AoL A ϧl  A BU Ak AkM   ȧ o E }h{ ȧ
: ( ɷ 413 R ) kA gzA  2
kA E  M nBLiA RB] k   A j vA o AkLA ȗ BA  )
ve   AkM : JoA U  . .. . nA  AkLA ȗ A   vA 
(  ) B B ( A ) \ Am   AkM :  B  c~   AkM 
M jAoA u    oɈ E ( Am ȗ  AkM ) BA  ȗ B  B LB
. (3) ( . . . .  Ȗi k B oE b  EoA KU
: oiC 郱 ȗ B 
kM nBA  BXE  gvA ȗ ]FM vA  B AkLA  ɗ E  )
 Bi kA E G Km B   BeA kM UBA   BA kM AoA  BA
. (4) ( . . . B]A ȗ jBqA
: ( ɷ 460 R ) wA gzA  4
 E kM zBM A ȗ ϧl Tv k  . . . nA  A ȗ Te AkLA )
p\ B  BU A G A m SE AlG BE   A ȗ ϧm   Be 
   M gvA jBE B  ϧl  p\ B BF  p\  B    ɄG
 jn B 鼪] d ]A Am    wTA  JoɃ   ϧl ɄG
 B j  BU A G AkLA B TA nBLiA  ( vA B ) jB~A
BU A  ϧl G ]      E kM A ~e   p\
   AoB   B 񪦧 M o gvA  k B B AlG E    LzTA
. (5) ( AkLA  ϧl  E  Be   E kM M A  ~d
 omM ȖT  oiFTA BE   kTA E  jk RAnBL  ZlB m
gz
: BA {B
B M jAoA u    Bi kM zA n  B o] ȗ B G  AkLA )
n jAoA M ? A mM  v  \oe l E   F{ ]  zA n
E A e AkM E  AkM ) : B    BiG kM i  Bz  A  zA
. (6) ( A F{
. A Am  L ^BXke  ^Bk zA A 
....
: njB~A
--------------------
.  AkLA JBM 335 : keTA  k~A  - 1
. 70 : kA B  k~A  - 2
. 65 : jBTA cd~U - 3
. 80 : RBA AE  kA  - 4
. 29 : 2A k  wA - 5
. 173 | : wA  kA - 6
: AkLA c~ BTwA
. . B G WL TL E  AkM E  oE  |oME AowG ȮM  YY G  1
. AkM jB  BA ȗ oYA MA   nBhLA An . WkdA oiC G .
o E jAoA u   nBG jAnF A  ȗ Lw E : M ȯvA BdA ov 
. (1) BU A e ȗ Bd ϧl  BBi B E kM 
AkM AlB BA  k ȗ A ]  q A \ ) : B ( | ) A wn G  2
(2) WkdA oiC G ( . . . kL AB B  X  i M k~ E ]  q 
.
....
: njB~A
------------
. 502 : 6 nBLA cT  ȯvA o\e MA  - 1
. 407 : 4 kvA : Le M keE  - 2
: CoA ovU ȗ jn B
. (1)  JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B A d 
: BU  ȗ tBL MA  ȄvA  oLA n
.  JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B A d 
. (2) BzA  jBvA G nkA  ȗ vA oE A nk : B
.  SLX  Bz B A d  
JBTA E k   SLX  BkeE  A d BMBT B  MBTA keE  : B
. (3) JBTA e E
: q] B A ovU ȗ oX MA  LoA  oLA B 
   ȮTLYF AkvA  ȮTLT S G A ) :  B jv MA MBd~A G
B dU ϯB  AkvA ȗ ȮLTA B{A  ȮdB B{A ȗ ȮTLT S G
. ( JBTA E k  SLXU  BzU
. ϧmM k  SLA ȗ  B E JBhA M o hA  ǰn 
. BkA Am  oX B E A ME  ǰn ϧm 
? ]A  oA ȗ jAq  : B  Fw  JA] ȗ B E tBL MA   
 k v ]E  ]E  Y   i mA   : ]  q A B : B
.
vA Ȯ  ȯBXA ]A   U e G Uj e  kLA ]E A ]B
  Mn kLA UA AlB  A G   fpoLA ȗ B  G UB e   k
en 酛  ~ AlG   B{ B fpoLA ]E  A o ]E ȗ A jAp en
. (4) fpoLA ]E ȗ kq B{ B BkA ȗ o ]E  A ~
....
: njB~A
----------------
. 39 : koA - 1
111 : 13 oLA ovU  - 2
. BdA dd  oLA oo] ME   65 : 4 ȄvA ovU - 3
 118 : 11 oLA ovU  384  8 LoA ovU  135 : 3 BLA \ -  4
. 317 : 3 ȄvA nXA nkA
: AkLA   kU RBAn
k~A E  BA jo BkA E  jn B   k kT mA BM AkLA G
E   A kq ozA E   poA  oA ȗ kqU eoA   oLA E   LA kU
: B  oA KT ȗ oUAT  Ak] oX ȯBA m jk~M ȷ TA RBAoA
ȗ  vL E ow  ) : B ( | ) A wn E v  nBhLA cd ȗ B 
. ( en ~  ]E  oYE ȗ  Fv  pn
en ~  A T pn ȗ  vL  o ȗ A k E KeE  ) An ȗ  
. (1) (
G nkA jo  ) : ( | ) A wn B : B BMY  Bd nkTvA ȗ B 
. (2) ( L~ KmBM poA od ]oA G  oLA G oA ȗ kq   BkA
  BkBM G nkA jo   L~ KmBM poA od ]oA G : ( | ) LA  
. (3) ( oLA G oA ȗ kq
B : B  n BɄBw AopE ]n Eo  Tnl jC nE A E ) : ( | ) LA  
B : B  w Tw B ? o B Jn B : B  jAj ϮMA Am : B ? Am  Jn
w E : B ? o B   : B  o  kqU E G  : B  o ȗ jp Jn
A UB]  RA oe B . . . o  w MnE  SL k : jC B 
. (4) ( jAk BTL k ϯG : B  w MnE o  ȚM k : B
nw ovTM w ȗ moTA   UBL ȗ kw MA   kv ȗ keE BX n
. AoA
 BBM BTMBG k BzA ij k JBhA M o ȯBXA hA no Bk 
A nk G A nk  oE  : JB]F ? A B  oUE : M keE  oTA
. A nkM
....
: njB~A
------------
. eoA  JBM 6 : 20 v . 13 , 12 JBM 3 Z nBhLA - 1
. 493 | 10 Z nkTvA - 2
. BvA  keE BX n  9 : 10 JBM  kA  ]B MA w - 3
. 2692 : b  350 | vBA - 4
: MBA RAAoTA
nTk ( oz ȮYA BA zA Km E ) JBT ȗ \M BA Bdw
k KUBA E Bk]  AkLA ȗ XdM  BA   nBA Ȧ M A kL M oB
훰E B  odTA  JmA ȗ AmTMA ke G  A  jBTMA ȗ k] mM
: B oT w RBBTA  ] ȗ
Am uwE mA ɷ ( ɷ 328 R ) ȮA gzA E ( 937 | ) ɗ jA - 1
. oBA Y MBM MA LU  kTA
G  STA BG   FLw M A kL jA G AkLA ]o ( 939 | ) ȗ 
AkLA uwE mA  nk  AkLBM RoT{A TA ȷ oiA   nBThA  BvA
  An oz Sw ȗBA ȗ UBAn  om  " ? ȮA E E ȮA  
? FLw MA jA  uwƪA E E " ϧl BE nBdLA ȗ
 A k jA SBɛ   : ɛ ɗ A ɗ AkLA oE  E jA  
. (1) ( . . . . . AB BM A  kE S
JBT ȗ ol B u  vA Bo  kA m E q ( 938 | ) ȗ - 2
 Bz B A d  : A k]  zM k] E mM   L w  A
AkLA  A BM B zA  vA RAovU   (2)  JBTA E k  SLX
. ϧl  BX oi RBA  (  ) w ~ ȗ k\ Y  c~A BM
Mm zB Az Li LhU AkLA  zA EoA Ȗh E jAnE Bk  - 3
B Am   B B{A q kƽ  AkL A A om ( 938 | ) Ȗ 
   :  AoTA ȗ Lz  M kTv E K\A   zA B 鼪] v
oE AlG E Sq AkLA L  gvA S] ) We zA  jAkLA oBA kL
RB om o Bk     . (3) (   AkM  hv BB hv Y zM BdLw
 944 } B Åi   nAmTA E  En o XLi o zA B
M jk Y ( ɷ 381 R ) MBM MA  ϧl ɗ  E E oɟm  ( 946
ȗ ȮA gzA MBU MBM MA E  nk    BA {B gzA Te oBA
 o~ AlB  ? ( 944 | ) ȗ B EoA ϧl  nmTA E E ( 937 | ) En
FM cd zM   E Bd   ? EoA ϧl  AnmTA k  E
. ϧl  A]E k   ǱA j c~A A  AkLA  jAo
E Jm E k AkLBM BM zA AqTA v E Bd ( 940 | ) ȗ - 4
E G k M  AkLBM A G j (  A kL M nBThA om  ) zA
. ( 942 | ) ȗ B BE Mm LM T{ oF zA
?  YY RBA FM oLiE Be (  ) w  Jm BdLw A E  Fv
  ?   w Jm E   MnE RBA ] Bk  k iE  
  oBvA L mA nkA u K A aA w B w Bp ȗ KUBA B
oLTh E  BU  BdLw B  JBTA E k   SLX  Bz B d A E o
 TA ȗ vA  Bd AkLBM BA   oFM k~ BLA  Bz BM jBL
qT AkLBM A E ȗ ( 943 | )  ȗ B o ϧmM   AodA ȗ A
 BA  B BU  BdLw A G kA i Lv G ϧl jE   TE
. AoL A oTA
RBAoA m   AkLA BU zA BoU RBAn  VkdT ( 951 | ) ȗ - 5
u  ɛB RBAoA m j] E cɃA   ȧpA ȴA A  VkdTU
 K\T   AkL eA A ko zA E  oiC j B  KUBA
wBwE AkLA E o  oM dU TA RBAoA  oiC Bv om  Be KUBA
ȴ jA m kM v G ]o KUBA E oA   BdLw A  kA E \A
. dA G 汧A jAnE  cA j
SLX  Bz B A d  : BU M AkLA  kTwA o AlB nk  - 6
(4) ... JBTA E k 
vA E Te E   ( 949 ) | ȧpA ȴA  Bh  vU Am E k 
. AkLA  Aom  G  AkLA   BM AkTwA
RBBA E  ] Te AkLBM zA BTA ow  ( 948 | ) ȗ BvT - 7
RAoY nk   k]  BvA jAnG E mA oL\A oBɗ ϧl  e  
o  jk\TA   A A nkM BG AkLBM BA E nk    AkLBM BA
 ȴA oMkTA  A BA A]E  o~ oU ȗ BvA dM BG  jkdA
 TA ȴA kA  ȷ   BU  BdLw A RB n RBLYG  ȧBTBM 
 A Ak  G Bnk  A RB~A  \ ]oA ȷ  M  { B mz
. Bߧ nk bo{
nBA BLTA RBA  nBA nTkA JBT RAo M AoTwA  oA : e
ȗ XM ko B nAoA Y  T nBA l xzU ȗ KUBA aLUA mA JwA A
. MBT
JBTA nBd M A ^B~i oiC B\ ϧm B eoA AnA k oA u
A JmA LvA AkLA  ȗ FLw M aA kL qA nkB A 킧A oB
. TAq   nBA B ]A k zA A
. ϧl  Zm ϼA
....
: njB~A
----------------
. 64 : kBA - 1
39 : koA - 2
.52 | : dA  A - 3
. 39 : koA - 4
: UAAoTA   ZlB
oz ȮYA BA zA Km E ) nmA JBTA  T E Bd w
: ZlBA  BM (
TA  BA m B{G Be k jA FLw MA E kL  :  ( 939 | ) ȗ 
SdU  zTA wBM  oYFTA Be mA ȫwA T\A ȗ ( UAnU )  BUnE
 kLU A E  AkLBM    FLvA o E ϧl  Ȧ  G kA 
.  (1) RAAkLA
Vkd B  KA  k B nBThA E oU B KLvB ( 940 : | ) ȗ  
. Mo AkM k : B M oLiE B i 雰 AlG B  LTvBM
Te   Tw kA   G jw oA FM BLUE  zA f{ B 
  LvA S B  o] ME G BLv An ȗ w LvM ϧl Ajke G
 ZohA KmA vwƫ Bd  ϧl  BLUA T{A jA ϦU  { dT
. (2) kA Am oU TA B BdLw  AkM k FM BM pFA Am
BG ȷ  KAA iFM  RkUnA AkLA B  :  ( 943 : | ) ȗ 
 BA   hA Aq kTA AmM  (3) Ujn  o kk] KLw
  kk] En Fz   EoA ȗ oTA   A ȗ TiA   kA ȗ hA
. (4) ( AoL A BA  B A BU jBzA  KA B G ϧl ALv
( kLU ) B]U AkLA ȗ ( XjBeE ) ] ȪA MBM MB :  ( 944 : | ȗ ) 
:  AkLA ȗ   JAoA c 
B K\    ϧl  A BU Ak AkM FM tBA B]  B AkLA u )
Y { L h i  zM EkL E  E B  AkLA  FM ]  q  o E
. (5) o hM EkL  zA ϧl k
ve kd   o~A Am ȗ zA ]Ao keE v nAmTA ȗ wA MBU k 
  Bi kM zA n  B o] ȗ B G  AkLA ) : B BA {B C
mM  v  \oe l E   F{ ]  zA n B M jAoA u 
) : B    BiG kM i  Bz  A  zA n jAoA M ? A
. (6) A F{ E A e AkM E (  AkM
  AkLBM 汽 E  BdLw A qU ϧl ]E  :  ( 945 : | ȗ ) 
E k  gvA   gvA  qT    { M A  ɄBeG ȗB AkLA
Am n B G  BU A  ȗ Lw B d  A dA k BBM 
. (7) B LvBM AkM dA
e Bp TA AlB  B BBp  BUB e  ȧpA  ȗ nk BdLw A B
. (8) ( ȧpA  ȗ oU  u BdLw   oFM oiC e d
. (9)  BX E B ohM RF Bv E C  gv B  : BU B
Sq  AkLA L  gvA S] ) We zA  jAkLA oBA kL { k 
. (10) (   AkM  hv BB hv Y zM BdLw oE AlG E
C BM ~A Y RBAn U k RBAoA m  :  ( 951 : | ȗ  ) 
zA nBYC  U k   ~A çFM  B   dA A  oLU B SLA
탰 AnBTw RBAoA m U E kL    oz YA KT ȗ BnBYC SM kTA
. AkLA ȗ Uk  jBqA çE
  ǱA BB TM AkLA k FM {   :  ( 952 : | ȗ  ) 
A  ȗ  E ȂTU i{ M FU Kve   oz ȮYA RBAn K]M
. uA ȗ   B A
....
: njB~A
------------
19. | joA  LTA / ȅA - 1
4 : nAA nBdM  263 | : w LA  218 / 2 : {BA ovU : oA  - 2
.  214/
. 110 / 1 : ~TvA / ȧAqA : oA - 3
182. | {A  - 4
335. | keTA - 5
. 173 | : wA kA - 6
. 20 / 1 : CoA ȗ gvA / kp ~ - 7
241. | : jB~A BA / op ME kd - 8
. 106 : C oLA - 9
. 52 | : dA  A - 10
: JBT
 LA oE G   vA 鼪] M qTA B AkLBM jBTA E Lw B o
zA Am  eA A  ǱA A M Bi AkLBM BBG BA zA
i AkLA ȗ o  zA M hA E Aol  A BB G LTA mA
. AqA ovU KeB ϧl G L B ȉ
BA  dA çE  BG   tBA BvM  JBTA  BM Ț  d 
. B~G  FTM AXdL E j \ qTvA BLA AkLBM BM zA AUA mA
G    vA M oTA A Ae   ozTA w An mA çE BE
.  . . . .   B ȫ kA A  : ( | )LA B B
: AkLA  jA
SB   64 : kBA nw ȗ AkLBM T jA eo AoTA G oA CoA oU
.  ...  A k jA
: RBk G BdU oL LzA m  鼅Tv 
. B YjBe  A  ȗ BU  BdLw  G : A
A   BvA ȗ   nA ȗ Bi  hU   k ȧpE A  : BXA
. oLhA
BzA E  \ \T G   A ȗ oTA   oT  SMBY A  : XBXA
. BU  BdLw A e ȗ dTv  Am    nAo  k E  d~
E ȪTdA o B B\    oT  SMBY BU  BdLw A B G : \TA
. Bd   ] G A  dU G   AkME AkLA
: AnE \TA m  Ao 
 ȧBTBM   nkA b ȗ JT  B { E oU  q]B A E Ap  1
B  G BA  miA  RBLYA  dA  q]B E E  BA L  J
. okTA   o]
: BU   j~A   A nk kkdU Am 
. (1)   A k jA SB  
 BdLw A G \A Lv p gvA E kM  BeA gv BdTwA Ap  2
. BU
Bi  BeA gvM vA Ao   B gvA LU  AnTA FM AvU Am
. ozA LA G TL SdU Bk
: JA\A
kLTA L B  kLTA kM BM d   { M d A  G  Bk  1
A B ȗ oU o]  B A G \A Lv nmd q  Am  kLTA p ȗ 
.
 oTA  AkLA  隽 B   ȪTe o oiC  ȪTe v B E Bol  2
. A BA E ȪTdA o BA
A E   BvA  BLv    A  nkA ALw E jA  K\A  3
G : oM ȷ   keA
. Aw ke  BvA BE  A BFM U ȧpA A
Shv   ? MBvA KTA UAnU Shv ɗ AkME gvA   AlG  4
! ? MBvA AozA To{
: A Unk G  wAA  G RBA  oX ȗ oz CoA  5
 BTvL Ak M AB BM A  kE S  LzA  MA] ȗ jn B : B
(2)  . . . Bz 
. (3)  . . . JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B A d  : B 
(4) . . . . BA Jn A nBLU oA  hA  E  :  
. (5)  . . . BX E B ohM RF Bv E C  gv B  : gvA ȗ B 
: e
Ake mA  jA  wA BwoA T{B mA Ao~A jBME keE AoTA Am X
qA nwA U ϧmM Ak     L   kk\A kA Am 
 oA RBLzA  ] oX  E  kA Am k AmiF  oɓ 
A Sq e LzA m AnBYE Am  vA Jɛ ɗ A Aik  kBA
jBL Ȯ E nk  A E kM  (6)  Bve Bo A o mA Al   ozA
B  ƦA  kdBM üA w BdB  BwBe  CoA jn B  M ƪA
. RBA Bw MBU  cA 
....
: njB~A
----------------
. 64 : kBA - 1
. 64 : kBA - 2
. 39 : koA - 3
.  54 : AoA - 4
. 106 : oLA - 5
. 245 : oLA - 6
: AkLBM jBTA RAoY
kTA   oA   hA   BzA BvM  A A nkM nAoG  AoTA  1
. ( AkLA XM A  B ) RBAoA ȗ jn k   RBLYA dA  oiFTA 
kBvA ozA oT A d j   BvA u ȗ B]oA  A WM  2
AkLBM (  ) A BTA nAowE keE Am   A d BA oU  o~A oT
. ( AkLA X zM A kL B ) : AB Te
  A G ]oA 鼅Tv od dɗ  BvA K  A  tFA ɗj  3
k A  E ( A   A ])  M BLT{A  A \  LTz e
oU   BvA nk  ] k   A  LTwA mA oTA BG  ]
. ϧl G ]BdBM ueE S  ȗ o~
kv  B{A ȗ KT    z  AkvA ȗ KT  FM BvA kTA   4
  oT  BB Aj B AqTA E G vdA kA B  BveA vA Be B
\  RBɛBA   jAnA z mA  oL\BM KoA tBveA ϧl  Fz
. A  kLA  hTA AE ȗ BnB BvA
: AkLA i
  B B ȽEn oU E En ȧ o : AkM ȧ AkM  BhA kM nA :  AkLA 
. EoA oU BhA  \A  q Am
o  o E JBT E   o  nBA  AkMA M : BeA AkLA 
Lv U B    BBi B B jBL oE E  AkM    BBi B 
.  BhA  tBA G \A
 dBM  Bɛ oU  oTvA  jk\TA A nkM BA : AkLA  
 pA m RAoTA m  BzA  JBTwA   oiFTA  kTA  RBLYA
. (1)  JBTA E k  SLX  Bz B A d  : BU B
oɓ BA    ȪTe oɓ  ȪTe B  E ȗ B : AkLA e  1
 TA d  RBLYA  dA b ȗ j] BvA BB  ] E  ȪTdA
 oLA BFM B  oE c AlB  dB~A    AlG Am B ȗ R BvB
BM  AkM   AkM AB ϧl tB zA AlB  o ȗ A kq BveA
k   TdA oɓ  TdA o E  ~A E jBqA m   c~A
. pA m  ϧm nBTiBM  ~   nBTiBM 鼅   mA   A
. RBTA ȗ AkLA  RBozTA ȗ gvB  gvA  AkLA M MBzU B 
YY (  ) w LA RB FM nBLiG  CoA ȗ AkLA Vke  oX XA 
. MnE E o Y B
.  cMmM  Ak Y MA cMmM (  ) AoM oE ϧm 
. oX Bo   ]A  ZAqA ~   : B RBAoA BE
. M A  B E  oLTA  c~A BM AkLBM zA kTA 
BM A  kE S  A k jA SB   : MBT ȗ A  jA n 
. (2)  Bz   BTvL Ak M AB
kzM oE M AqTA mA SA u Ȗ  Aod  B vA E BE 
 ǱA A M h \T ϧl    YAoU ȗ j]   A\U 
. B Bi AkLA e vA M hA     eA
: B  oX AkLBM jBTA nBYC BE 
. kA M ϧm   AkA  A A nkM AoTA : E
. o~ oU  nkA BvA BG Te ȗ AkLA : J
oT A G BvA j   A  tFA  BA   A bn WM : Z
. LTv  o~ oU  kBvU TA ozA
: BeA AkLA
 \A Kv  . oA ϧl ȗ  BBi B B jBL oE E AkM oE ȗ  AkM
  BU  \A Lv nmd q  Te A G Kv    tB BhA
 E  k] JBT  o B B  nBA  AkMA M A  AkLA G
.  BBi B  o  o jAoA   oi
: AkLA 
 v oU  Unk   B YjBe  ȗ BU  BdLw  FM jBTA 
m M BzA  dA  ȗ oYƽ E j  oiFTA  kTA  RBLYA  dBM
. pA m  RAoTA
 {   AkM   BBi B B jBL o YjBe ȗ A B oT Bk 
ȗ  k] : oE ȗ  AkM  j~A E   h   { A  o B 
. AoL A ϧl  BU   AkLA L  B mA oA o oA ϧl
....
: njB~A
--------
. 39 : koA - 1
. 64 : kBA - 2
